寫作課的例句 He’s not old enough to participate in the contest.（他還沒到參賽的年齡。）
請問以上句子如何還原？ 我嘗試還原為：He’s not old enough so that he "can" participate in the contest.（他年紀不夠，所以他能參賽。） 我還原出來的句子（年紀小，能參賽），和講義裡面的減化子句的句意（年紀小，不能參賽）完全相反，很奇怪。可是按照減化原則把不定詞to還原為語氣助動詞can，好像也沒有錯，結果卻是句意相反，這是為何？ 如果說，副詞子句要還原為：… so that he "can not" participate in the contest，可是原句只是to participate in the contest，而不是not to participate in the contest。
寫作課的例句 This question is not so difficult to answer as you think.
問題： 1.這個比較級如何寫成兩個平行對稱的單句？ 我嘗試寫成如下兩個平行對稱的單句，對嗎？ This question is difficult to answer. You think it is difficult to answer. 還是？ This question is "too" difficult to answer. You think it is "too" difficult to answer. 2.比較點是difficult嗎？不是的話，比較點是什麼？
寫作課的例句 I’ll try to finish the project by next month.
請問，上述句子應該還原為句1，句2還是句3？ 句1（來自Yes/No Question的名詞子句）：I’ll try if/whether I can finish the project by next month. 句2（來自直述句的名詞子句）：I’ll try that I can finish the project by next month. 句3（if為從屬連接詞的副詞子句）：I’ll try if I can finish the project by next month.
老師您好 That spotlight on the virus may have nudged officials into action, with President issuing a directive to put people’s safety as the top priority…. 1 With=together with ?
Fortunately for Trump, no Congress in the country’s history ever explicitly outlawed using the power of the presidency to help win re-election. Now Senators will have to decide whether that’s all that matters. 2 that’s all是指using the power of the presidency to help win re-election.這一件事在法律上究竟是否合法 ?
The child was committed to his trust. 3=he take care of the child ? 4 committed 在這看起來好像不是government remains committed to peace的committed，不知原句的committed要如何解釋 ?
The abuse or violation of some public trust 5 Public trust=the public’s confidence in government acting in the best interests of them ?
Beyond the bounds of Pythondom, Jones wrote numerous books, published essays against the Iraq War and drafted the screenplay for David Bowie’s cult classic Labyrinth. He also became a noted scholar of medieval history. Monty Python and the Holy Grail fans may laugh at that last bit, but Jones would probably be glad. (https://time.com/5770128/terry-jones-monty-python-obituary/) 6 but Jones would probably be glad.的意思是 ?
they called for five demands, not one less 7 not one less 是少一個都不行 ?
Options are offered subject to staff availability and the constraints of the timetable. 8 Options are offered 是不是也可改成Ｏptions would(可能性) be offered ，因為原句的語意是Options are offered會不會發生取決於staff availability and the constraints of the timetable ? 而原句Options are offered表示一定會發生?
They told me that their village numbered 100是指這個村莊有9 100人還是有100年的歷史 ?
...the noble institutions of political life, such as political rhetoric and public service. 10 noble是high moral standards 嗎 ? 11 public service.怎會跟 noble institutions有關 ? 謝謝老師
1 可還原為副詞子句while the President issued... 2 「只要法律沒有明文禁止，其他因素都不重要」，亦即可以放川普過關 3 是 4 given, granted, assigned 5 是 6 Jones would be glad that they laugh。此人是搞喜劇的，能逗樂觀眾，正中他的下懷 7 是。強調「多達」5個 8 offering options的動作已經發生了，是事實。你懷疑的則是whether options are taken 9 有100人 10 比較偏向highly esteemed 11 當總統也是public service
寫作課的例句 The popularity of the new show is attributable not so much to its design as to the personal charisma of the host. 我在分析這個比較級的時候，找不出比較點是什麼。
第一步：寫出兩個平行對稱的單句。 The popularity of the new show is attributable to its design. The popularity of the new show is attributable to the personal charisma of the host. 第二步：用連接詞連接兩個單句，變成復句。 The popularity of the new show is attributable "not so much" to its design "as" the popularity of the new show is attributable to the personal charisma of the host. 第三步：觀察比較點，如果比較點重復，就要省略從屬子句裡面的比較點。 在第三步這裡找不到比較點是什麼。這裡好像是介系詞片語to its design和to the personal charisma of the host的比較。
比較點是程度副詞much： The popularity of the new show is attributable "very much" to its design. The popularity of the new show is attributable "very much" to the personal charisma of the host. 然後用表示「小於」的連接詞not so...as連接，成為： The popularity of the new show is attributable "not so much" to its design "as" it is attributable "very much" to the personal charisma of the host. 接下來把從屬子句中重複的比較點very much省掉
老師您好 Could he not, just as a precaution, move to a place of safety? 1 =Couln't he move ....=他不能夠移到安全的地方嗎 ?
There is no more important time to be in United States Congress 2=This is the most important time to be in United States Congress ? 3to be 的意思 ? (有to be跟沒有to be 在語意上的差別是?
The government should give monthly cash allowances to every family with kids. (HIgh-income families would have much of that money taxed away) 4意思是高所得的人如果領了政府這筆錢(5000元)，那麼幾乎這5000元將以課稅的形式又繳回給政府 ？
5 He is done being cautious= He is not cautious now; he has been cautious ?
The biggest mistake reformists made wasn't signing the deal, but overselling the benefits of that deal to the public (a criticism that can also be lodged against the Obama Administration, if we're being honest). 6 we're being honest及we're honest 在語意上的差別是？
On Super Bowl Sunday, in what may be America's foremost annual display of mass hypocrisy, around 100 million people will tune in. 7 in what= in a situation(situation= Super Bowl) where Super Bowl may be America's ...hypocrisy ?
The album sees them re-living past glories 8=They relive past glories when the album is out 謝謝老師
1 是 2 是 3 加上to be說的是「當國會議員」，不加to be說的是「在國會這個地方」 4 是 5 是。be done (with)意思是「受夠了、不再…」 6 假設：你當面稱讚某人寫的詩很棒，對方滿意離開之後你趕緊跟在旁的第三者說：When I said just now that the poem was great, I was being kind.，這跟I was kind不同。加上being可以強調「進行」，成為「我當時是在給對方留面子」。沒有being則成我「我是好人」。同樣的，we're being honest是「我們在說是實話」，we're honest是「我們是老實人」 7 =in a situation that may be...，表示Super Bowl本身可能就是… 8 the album的內容就是這些歌手在緬懷過往
(One) had few options short of replacing the motor. 老師在【2021年9月3日 上午11:08】回復說，short是形容詞，修飾few options。
請問： 1.few options "short" of replacing the motor，是名詞片語few "short" options of replacing the motor裡面的形容詞short後置到介系詞of前面嗎？ 2.如果short是後位修飾的形容詞，老師以前講過後位修飾的形容詞有：外來語與慣用語、復合名詞後面、一些a-開頭的形容詞，這裡好像不屬於這三類，我不解形容詞short是怎麼來的，如何分析句子成分。
老師在「2021年9月8日 上午10:35」回復說： 原句：The boss asked me to type a letter for him. 既可以還原為「不確定語氣」：The boss asked "whether" I could type a letter for him. 又可以還原為「命令語氣」：The boss asked that I type a letter for him.
老師在「2021年9月8日 上午10:37」回復說： 原句：The boss ordered everybody to come to the party. 可還原為： 句1：The boss ordered that everybody "must come" to the party. 句3：The boss ordered that everybody "come" to the party.（間接命令句） 不可還原為： 句2：The boss ordered "if/whether" everybody "must come" to the party.
問題： 1.The boss asked "whether" I could type a letter for him.，為什麼減化後是：The boss asked me to type a letter for him.，而不是：The boss asked "whether" to type a letter for him.，難道疑問詞whether不用留下來嗎？ 2.為何ask這個句子可以還原為含有whether的子句，而ordered這個句子卻不能還原為含有whether的子句（句2）？
老師您好 We are calling on you to restore our faith in you to be able to put our lives first 1 in you to be able to…=in you being able to ….= that you are able to ? 2 in you to be able to…及in you being able to ….哪一種寫法較好?
Some Democrats still have bitter memories of how, against all odds, they came off worst during the inquiry. 3 against all odds是achieve something although a lots of problems . 但此處是Some Democrats處於某種劣勢狀態，怎會用against all odds ?
It's not going to happen on a large scale anytime soon, maybe even ever 4 maybe even ever 的意思是? When I was 27 and protesting a war gone wrong, sometimes those on the other side would confront us with the slogan “My country, right or wrong.” And to them we would reply, “Yes, my country, right or wrong. When right, keep it right—and when wrong, make it right.” To beat the climate crisis, to win the war to achieve zero emissions, we need to help young people make our world right, right now.
5 My country, right or wrong及Yes, my country, right or wrong. When right, keep it right—and when wrong, make it right所要表達的意思是 ? 謝謝老師
1 是 2 我會用in "your" being able to... 3 若有9成的機率該贏，結果卻輸了，可以說They lost, against all odds 4 前面是 not any time soon，後面加上maybe ever意思就是maybe not ever（或never） 5 在越戰時代，美國民眾群起反戰，但也有一派沙文主義者高呼My country, right or wrong「不論國家做對做錯，都要愛國」，亦即：就算越戰打錯了，還是要愛國、把戰爭進行到底。反戰派則說：「國家有對有錯。做得對就擇善固執、做錯了就知過能改」。
老師您好 Amazon had to abandon an AI program after it favored men over women for suggested hiring. And that’s just one algorithm that we know about: 72% of CVs in the US never reached human eyes as of 2016…
that’s just one algorithm=that’s just one of these things ?
老師您好 People who love their dogs almost always love them forever. The same cannot always be said for those who marry. The same…的意思我猜是those married who love their dogs almost always love them forever. 但是cannot always be said在字面上的意思又不是這樣子 ?
老師您好 Society is no longer passing the baton to the next in line in a continuing trend of incremental change. We are witnessing a fundamental departure from politics as usual, as these young leaders respond to the demands of even younger activists acutely attuned to the injustices and inequalities of their era. “We grew up around people who have struggled to put food on the table,” Nadia Whittome, who was just elected the U.K.’s youngest parliamentarian at age 23, tells TIME. “We know that the crises we’re up against are huge in scale and that the solutions to them need to be equally bold and implemented urgently.” 從這一段我還是看不出來為什麼Society is no longer passing the baton to the next in line in a continuing trend of incremental change ? 謝謝老師
老師您好 Crenshaw is a vocal supporter of American military abroad and bucked his party to oppose Trump's proposed withdrawal of troops from Syria 1暗示Crenshaw沒有直接跟Trump起衝突，但真正的目的是反對Trump 的政策 ?
I feel bitterness and anger towards the person… 2Feel後面常接形容詞，為何原句可接名詞 ? 謝謝老師
寫作課的例句 From "States of Vulnerability," Time It’s never been more expensive to go to college. 老師把這句話解釋為：上大學從未如此昂貴。
我不理解的地方在於，如果是：It’s been more expensive to go to college.，那麼說的是：上大學很貴。可是如果加上never，變成：It’s "never" been more expensive to go to college.，不就是「否定」上大學貴這件事嗎，也就是說，上大學不貴。 對這裡的never不懂，明明已經否定上大學很貴這件事，為什麼到最後卻解釋為：上大學很貴。
老師您好 For so many young people, women in particular, workplace exploitation is granular–you don’t have to be the victim of outright sexual assault or threats to be affected by a higher-up’s bad behavior. Garner is perfectly cast, a pixie of steel. You can see by the stern set of Jane’s lips and by the way, time and again, she just barely represses an eye roll, that she’s tough enough to handle all of this–and yet she knows she shouldn’t have to.
1 workplace exploitation is granular= workplace exploitation is tough /difficult ?
1 granular意思是in the details。報上的照片放大檢視就會成為點狀排列，like grains 2 she shouldn't have to handle all of this：如果職場上做到兩性平等，她就不必應付這些。語氣屬於conditional，語氣助動詞should表達不確定語氣
老師您好 In absolute terms British wages remain low by European standards
1 In absolute terms的意思是:without comparing British wages with those of other countries. 可是European standards不就是歐盟的標準嗎(這也是跟其他國家比) ?
We've all seen enough dummies catapulting through windscreens in TV warnings to know the dangers of not wearing seat belts 2 to know=so that we've known ... ?
People who love their dogs almost always love them forever. The same cannot always be said for those who marry. 3The same…的意思我猜是those married who love their dogs almost always love them forever. 但是cannot always be said在字面上的意思又不是這樣子 ? 謝謝老師
1 例如歐盟國家平均時薪是10歐元，英國的平均時薪是9歐元，這就是in absolute terms英國薪資較低（不考慮物價水平等等） 2 so that we should know... 3 It cannot always be said that those who marry their spouses always love them forever.
標點符號的問題 Apostrophe [ ’ ] 1. Please underline the which’s and that’s in this passage. 這裡在which和that後面加上's，意思是說，文中有很多個which和that，請划出文中所有的which和that嗎？ 2. *This highway connects Mts. Ali and Jade. *The U.S. does not have many ICBMs left. *The 1960s were quite remarkable years. 這三句話都加了*，是想表達什麼含義嗎？ 尤其是ICBMs，複數為什麼不能ICBM's（很多個ICBM）？
標點符號的問題 Colon [ : ] 1. John will never become a competent leader: he has no sense of responsibility at all. 老師說過，冒號[ : ]、分號[ ; ]、破折號[ -- ]可以取代對等連接詞，可是這句話把冒號換成連接詞卻是從屬連接詞because，而非對等連接詞and，這是為何？ 2. Imports rose sharply: steel, cars, and electronic equipment. 老師說過，冒號[ : ]可以取代連接詞，這裡好像沒有連接詞，是不是要還原為：Imports "that are" steel, cars, and electronic equipment rose sharply.，這樣就可以理解為：用冒號取代從屬連接詞that？
老師您好 For so many young people, women in particular, workplace exploitation is granular–you don’t have to be the victim of outright sexual assault or threats to be affected by a higher-up’s bad behavior. Garner is perfectly cast, a pixie of steel. You can see by the stern set of Jane’s lips and by the way, time and again, she just barely represses an eye roll, that she’s tough enough to handle all of this–and yet she knows she shouldn’t have to. 1 workplace exploitation is granular的意思是: 如果workplace exploitation最嚴重給100分，那麼很細微的workplace exploitation(1分)就是這裡所說的workplace exploitation is granular ?
2 you don’t have to be the victim of outright sexual assault or threats to be affected by a higher-up’s bad behavior.是在暗示workplace exploitation也有可能來自於同事間很細微的言語騷擾之類的 ?
3…she just barely represses an eye roll, that…在這個句子中，barely…that是一組嗎 ? (像是so… that ) 謝謝老師
1 可以這樣理解：這幅畫面要用放大鏡檢視才能從構成的微粒中看出端倪。亦即：上司剝削下屬的情況往往不很明顯，只表現在一些小事情上 2 是 3 You(S) can see(V) that...(O)，句中的that子句是名詞子句當作can see的受詞。中間she just barely represses an eye roll是關係子句（省略掉關係副詞how），修飾先行詞the way
老師您好 IMF data shows that even seven years after a devastating tropical storm, a country’s GDP per capita remains 1% lower than it would have been otherwise 1 it would have been otherwise=it would have been without a devastating tropical storm ?( 過去非事實 )
2原句比較的基準應該是: seven years after a devastating tropical storm，現在這個時候真正的GDP per capita及沒有a devastating tropical storm時現在這個時候的GDP per capita(現在非事實)。為何原句用過去非事實 ?
請問老師 Homer's Iliad picks up the description of the siege in its ninth year and ends with the funeral for Prince Hector of Troy, the inevitable fall of Troy implicitly recognized. 1 後半句是不是獨立分詞構句?可以還原成表結果的 so that ... 是嗎? 整句話修飾的是 ends? 2 recognized 用的是被動語態，但是是誰承認的啊? 謝謝
老師您好 Even Biden's gaffes would strike voters as authentic and refreshing compared with carefully packaged candidates the public had tired of. But Biden says, "I realized I just didn't have the heart to do it." 1 I just didn't have the heart to do it的意思是？
The candidate is prone to indecision, sometimes paralyzingly so. The campaign's kickoff was delayed as he dithered. 2 sometimes paralyzingly so. 如何還原? 謝謝老師
老師您好 Yet many Democrats fear nominating Biden is a disaster waiting to happen. Trump could run the same playbook he ran against Clinton: insinuating physical decline, pointing out paid speeches and other ties to big banks, the vague scent of legal-but-sleazy associations, “experience” turned into an epithet against the longtime Washington insider. Biden allies recognize the threat and insist they’re girding for a brawl. Says Senator Chris Coons of Delaware: “We’re going to go right back at him.”
Biden’s bus trundles on through Iowa, the windows so darkened by his campaign slogan that it’s impossible to see the landscape as it passes by. “My mom used to say, as long as you’re alive—” he pauses and emits a chuckle. “You’re not dead until you see the face of God.”
Homer's Iliad picks up the description of the siege in its ninth year and ends with the funeral for Prince Hector of Troy, the inevitable fall of Troy implicitly recognized. 老師好，上次我問這句的 recognize 的主詞是什麼，您說可能是讀者，但這一來意思是「讀者承認特洛伊敗亡」，說不通，還是 recognize 在此不作承認解?謝謝。
老師您好 In the arc of the Trump presidency, Bolton now represents the high-water mark in loyalty tests for Trump’s followers in Congress. As Trump has hired, fired and humiliated some of the most established GOP national-security figures, many Republicans in the Senate have tried to remain silent, fearing the political cost of crossing a President with more than 80% support in the party. Now, as jurors in the impeachment trial that could decide the fate of the Trump presidency and their own political futures, those same Republicans were being forced to take a side: believe Donald Trump or John Bolton. Bolton now represents the high-water mark in loyalty tests的意思是? 謝謝老師
老師您好 Democrats would need 20 Republicans to make that happen, and as of Jan. 29 that remained a most remote possibility. But Bolton’s account has raised the bar for the GOP’s loyalty test in the era of Trump. Bolton served in the administrations of Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush, rising to be U.N. ambassador, and ultimately spent 17 months in Trump’s White House. If they refuse to hear from Bolton, Republican Senators would be on the record in a way many had hoped to avoid. 1 as of Jan. 29= on Jan. 29?
2 Republican Senators would be on the record in a way :他們公開表示他們不想聽Bolton的證詞 ? 謝謝老師
老師好 Have you noticed that when you’re dieting, the brain focuses on the foods you shouldn’t be eating? In my view, this is another reason why dieters fail in the end. Aren’t you better off never going on one or more of your diets in the first place? I was, because I had a plan. 想詢問的是第三句: Aren’t you better off … 我的解讀為: 你一開始先不要進行一項或多項的節食計畫, 不會比較好嗎? 不知是否正確? 這種寫法其特殊性在何處?
老師您好 Subconsciously I had known that I would not be in personal danger. Subconscious是 A subconscious feeling or action exists in or is influenced by your subconscious. 而且by your subconscious中的 subconscious是 mind that can influence you or affect your behaviour even though you are not aware of it. 既然是you are not aware of it，那麼原句中的Subconsciously I had "known"不就是自我予盾了嗎 ? 謝謝老師
1 那是把有可能發生的事情當作事實來敘述。也可以說that genuine refugees would be returned to... 2 句型類似To speak frankly, To be honest, To tell the truth等等，可以還原為If one can use a well-worn cliche
老師您好 Politics has always been a cathartic exercise for Biden, a form of exuberant self-expression. It’s as if he has to prove to himself he’s still alive, and this is the only way he knows. “Purpose,” he says. “That’s how I got through it. I lost my wife and daughter; that’s how I got through it. When they told me Beau didn’t have a chance of making it, that’s how I got through it. You’ve got to have purpose.” 1不了解purpose跟Politics has always been a cathartic exercise for Biden的關聯性 ?
Chambers' voice droned, maddening as an insect around his head. 2Chambers' 應該改成Chamber's(人名)? 3maddening ...=while maddening because an insect.. 謝謝老師
老師您好 When we’re wedded to specific narratives of how feminists should act, it can be all too easy to disregard humanity. But feminism, at least the tradition I follow, makes space for redemption too. Only Bryant’s accuser can decide if she forgives him, and it’s not our place to do that work publicly on her behalf. What we can do is complicate these conversations so we can usher in more honesty about who’s elevated in the aftermath of a sexual assault and how fame and money insulate perpetrators from being brought to account. We can do this while still acknowledging that Bryant didn’t deserve to die in such a manner at such an age and that the people who loved him are grieving.
1 it can be all too easy to disregard humanity的意思是 ?
2上句的it是to disregard humanity
3What we can do is complicate these conversations so we can usher in more honesty about...conversations中的so we can...的意思我懂，但what we can do...conversations這一句我看了好幾次都不了解為什麼這一句為導致so we can...的結果 ? 謝謝老師
老師您好 It has become a gathering place for Bryant’s legions of fans, who come bearing jerseys and balls much the way Buckingham Palace overflowed with flowers following the death of Princess Diana. １為什麼fans之後要加逗點，有加跟沒加有什麼樣的不同 ?
2...a spectacle which has critics world-wide reaching for superlatives. 意思是:一場盛大的表演讓全世界的評論者作出非常好的評價 ? 謝謝老師
1 fans後面的逗點與句尾的句點構成一組括弧，括弧內的部分因而成為可有可無的補充說明。若無逗點，後面的who子句則成為具有指出「哪一種fans」的功能 2 a spectacle which makes critics around the world try to find the most powerful praises for it
老師您好 In Nigeria, one civic group's anti-ban petition highlighted its impact on U.S. citizens with family there; nearly 8,000 immigrant visas went to Nigerians in fiscal year 2018. And rights groups expressed concern for potential immigrant from Myanmar, where the Rohingya Muslim minority faces persecution. But Trump's base tends to respond well to hard-line immigration policy--so as the 2020 race continues, the reaction that politicians hear may come from closer to home. the reaction that politicians hear may come from closer to home.是在暗示共和黨還是會聽選民的，不會理會其他國家的難民(far from home) ? 謝謝老師
老師您好 "If we hadn't reversed the failed economic policies of the previous Administration, the world would not now be witnessing this great economic success," Trump told the chamber, eliciting groans from Democrats. The speech could mark the start of Trump's postimpeachment comeback. But that may require staying on script. 1But that may require staying on script.的意思是 ? 2But that may require...的that 是he start of Trump's postimpeachment comeback? 謝謝老師
Because if we need a lodestar for how to live and work and serve others, we could ask for no greater example than the trailblazer from the South Bronx who taught us to embrace our duty to each other—as neighbors, as Americans and as fellow human beings.
老師您好 For a gay 38-year-old former mayor of a midsize city and a 78-year-old democratic socialist to emerge on top in Des Moines is a sign of how far the party has to go to settle the battle for its future 1 主詞是a gay 38-year-old former mayor及a 78-year-old democratic socialist ，為何動詞用is? 2For a gay的For 是因為的意思? 3how far the party has to go表示還有很長的路要走 ? 4to emerge on top是修飾mayor及socialist ?
When self-esteem is high, we lose our mortal fear of jealousy 5不了解self-esteem與fear of jealousy的關係 ?
1, 2, 4 可還原為名詞子句如下： That a gay 38-year-old former mayor of a midsize city and a 78-year-old democratic socialist should emerge on top in Des Moines is a sign ...。 that子句的主詞是那兩個人，that子句減化為for these two people to do something之後成為不定詞片語（for these two people修飾後面的to do something），這個不定詞片語當主詞時還是單數 3 是 5 原文不是很清楚，因為jealousy有兩個方向，是哪一個並沒有說明。如果是we being jealous of others比較好解釋：自視甚高，自然不會再嫉妒別人。
老師您好 In Nigeria, one civic group's anti-ban petition highlighted its impact on U.S. citizens with family there; nearly 8,000 immigrant visas went to Nigerians in fiscal year 2018. And rights groups expressed concern for potential immigrant from Myanmar, where the Rohingya Muslim minority faces persecution. But Trump's base tends to respond well to hard-line immigration policy--so as the 2020 race continues, the reaction that politicians hear may come from closer to home. 1 the reaction that politicians hear may come from closer to home.是在暗示共和黨還是會聽選民的，不會理會其他國家的難民(far from home) ?
At first his jealousy only showed in small ways–he didn't mind me talking to other guys 2 既然他不會介意她跟其它男人說話，怎麼會說his jealousy only showed in small ways (不介意怎會有 jealousy)
The quality of the bracelet, as evidenced by the workmanship, is exceptional. 請問老師 as 那部份是從 as the quality that is evidenced ... 簡化而來的嗎? 這樣的用法是一般人所說的準關係代名詞嗎? 謝謝。
老師您好 Teachers should be paid as the professionals they are, instead of having to work at second or third jobs to make ends meet as the professionals they are是有省略什麼字嗎?(改成as the professionals are就比較好理解?)
老師您好 The flat was really very nice, but compared with what we'd been used to, it was a terrible letdown. 1what we'd been used to的時間要比The flat was really very nice更早，所以要用過去完成式。但是否要改成what we had used to才是正確的 (因為used to表過去的習慣，而原句的寫法be used to 表現在的習慣) ?
The sense of letdown today is all the greater because in the past doctors have been over-confident about these treatments. 2in the past不宜去掉，因為這樣才能清楚的得知have been over-confident 是不包含現在這個點 (in the past去掉，則have been over-confident 包含現在這個點及現在這個點之前的過去時間) ?
Teachers should be paid as the professionals they are, instead of having to work at second or third jobs to make ends meet 3as有表示身分的意味? 4Teachers should be paid as the professionals(that) they are that關係代名詞可以改成who嗎 ?
OED Etymology: < Anglo-Norman jug, jugge, jugie, juggie, Anglo-Norman and Middle French juge (French juge ) adjudicator, arbitrator (c1170), public official responsible for administering justice (1174), (in ancient Israel) officer invested with temporary authority (second half of the 12th cent.), God or Christ considered as a supreme arbiter or adjudicator (1212 or earlier), person who or thing which makes a judgement, determines, or decides anything in question (late 13th cent.), umpire (c1510), ultimately < classical Latin iūdic- , iūdex individual appointed to decide a case at law, person appointed to adjudicate in a contest, umpire, critic, assessor, person who decides an issue, in post-classical Latin also (in ancient Israel) officer invested with temporary authority (Vulgate, after Hebrew šōpēṭ: see below), God as judge (6th cent.) < iūs right, law (see jure n.) + -dicus speaking (see -dical comb. form).
The form of the French noun cannot show regular development from the ulterior Latin etymon, and is either < an unattested post-classical Latin form *iudicus ( < the classical Latin oblique stem iūdic- , after masculine nouns in -us ), or is perhaps influenced by the French verb juger , jugier judge v. (although this explanation does not resolve all difficulties). Compare Old Occitan jutge (12th cent.), Catalan jutge (13th cent.), and also Spanish juez (early 12th cent.), Portuguese juiz (13th cent.), Italian giudice (a1294).
Compare earlier deemer n., doomer n., and also dempster n. Specific senses.
In sense 2a after Hebrew šōpēt (in ancient Israelite history) any of a series of individuals recognized as holding temporary authority over the Israelites, frequently as military leaders in time of war, specific use of šōpēt judge (see suffete n.).
In the Book of (the) Judges at sense 2b after post-classical Latin Liber Iudicum, Hebraice Sophetim ‘the Book of Judges, in Hebrew “Sophetim”’ (Vulgate), itself after the Hebrew title of the book, Šōpĕṭīm, plural of šōpēṭ judge (see suffete n.). Compare Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French livre des Juges (end of the 13th cent. or earlier).
In sense 6 after the specific use in sense ‘rook’ of post-classical Latin justitiarius justiciary n.2 (in this sense, 13th cent. in Quaedam moralitas de scaccario, a sermon in the form of a treatise on chess (mistakenly attributed to Pope Innocent III) which was very popular in the Middle Ages and Renaissance and was the source for Fitzherbert's discussion of chess).
Early uses as surname.
Apparently attested earlier in surnames, e.g. Walterus Iugge (1210), Ad. le Jugge (1309), although it is unclear whether these reflect currency of the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word.
請問： 1.請問albeit是副詞還是連接詞？ 2.例句The nation is moving, albeit slowly, toward a true democracy.，是否還原為：The nation is moving, albeit(把albeit視為連接詞) "it is moving" slowly, toward a true democracy.？
albeit原本是連接詞，同義字是although，你在2中說的沒錯。不過albeit後面只能接沒有主詞動詞的省略句如albeit slowly，完整的句子albeit it is moving slowly反而是不正確的用法，所以它按照實際用法來看，只能接副詞或形容詞補語，不能接子句，因而是當作副詞使用。
老師您好 Knowing him as I do, I can't believe he would do such a thing. １Knowing him as I do可還原Because I know him as I know him ，意思是:因為我對他有了解，以及如我對他的了解 ?
No crisis is too deadly that they can't take a time-out to promote ... =Crisis is too deadly that they can take a time-out to promote ...? 如果上述的等式相等，那麼中文(依原句) 沒有crisis 是deadly的，以致於他們不能take a time-out... 感覺翻成中文又跟Crisis is too deadly that they can take a time-out to promote ...意思又不同，不知出了什問題 ？ 謝謝老師
老師您好 A has amassed more power than any leader since B. A has leveraged economic clout to forward ambitions at home and abroad but also has struggled as no previous leader . 1...than any leader since B. 為何不用than any "other" leader ? 2從A...B這一句子中，就amass power 來講，是A比B多還是A與B相等 ? 3not only but also 是一組，為何原句只有but also ?
老師您好 A has amassed more power than any leader since B. 1就amass power 來講，為什麼仍是A不及B?(any other leader 或any leader中的leader都有含B，而且句子又是比較級，應該 A大於B )
Knowing him as I do, I can't believe he would do such a thing. 2 Knowing him as I do可還原Because I know him as I know him， (因為我對他具有如此的了解…). as是如、像的意思嗎 ?
Where we have an effective vaccine, we must move from an expensive reactive response to a proactive one, vaccinating frontline workers to ensure the first line of defense is not paralyzed 3 Where在這at a place where的省略嗎 ? (而且這邊的where也沒有明確指哪裡?) 4 vaccinating...是a proactive one which vaccinates... ?
Moderna's idea is to load its coronavirus vaccine with mRNA that codes for coronavirus proteins that scientists have identified as most likely to trigger alarms for the human immune system. ５mRNA that codes for coronavirus proteins 的意思是?
老師您好 1 He seemed to be having a midlife crisis跟He seemed to have a midlife crisis 在語意上有何不同 ?
Where we have an effective vaccine, we must move from an expensive reactive response to a proactive one, vaccinating frontline workers to ensure the first line of defense is not paralyzed 2 vaccinating=as we vaccinate frontline workers... 中的as 是"像是，如同、例如"的意思 ? 3Where老師說wherever比較好。where= a place which... 而wherever 也是in any place that 感覺兩者意思差不多 ?
Moderna's idea is to load its coronavirus vaccine with mRNA that codes for coronavirus proteins that scientists have identified as most likely to trigger alarms for the human immune system. 4 mRNA that codes for coronavirus proteins 的codes =mRNA that marks coronavirus proteins with a symbol so that coronavirus proteins can be identified ? 謝謝老師
老師您好 We must not shrink from the legitimate use of force if we are to remain credible 1we are to remain credible及we remain credible的差別在於前都是未來式，後者是現在式。若兩者前面都加上if，不知語意有何不同? ２原句的if為什麼可接末來式? (通常if+現在式)
Music is a human language that we manipulate, but it's also true to the laws of physics. It gives our individuated consciousness--the prison of the self--the slip 3不了解music 跟 the laws of physics有什麼關係?
The authorities proved unyielding on one crucial opposition demand. 4指政府當局對於與其不同立場的需求 態度強硬? 謝謝老師
1 if we are to remain credible 暗示 in the future。 2 不能說if we will remain credible，但可以說if we are to...。重點不在未來式，而是不宜使用語氣助動詞（包括will）的不確定語氣，因為if是「假設為真」，後面就不能再用不確定語氣。 3 意思是說它仍要遵守一定的規則。 4 opposition在此指「反對黨」，one crucial opposition demand「反對黨一項重大的要求」，政府不肯讓步。
老師您好 Little boys watching it may learn to see female empowerment in a different light than previous generations of men 1Little boys看事情的觀點與previous generations of men不同。我的問題是: than前面找不到比較級，原句是否要改成in a more different light ?
What ruins it is an extremely reality TV climax in which each participant decides at the altar--in painstakingly selected bridal wear and in front of as many friends and family as are willing to indulge them--whether they're really going to marry someone they've known for only five weeks. 2在...as are willing to indulge them中, as及are 中間是不是省略了主詞之類的字 ?(若是省略主詞，這個主詞好像也沒說是誰 ) 3to indulge them中 的them是指誰?
We must not shrink from the legitimate use of force if we are to remain credible 4We must not shrink from the legitimate use of force時間是未來還是現在，要視文章上下文來判斷? 謝謝老師
tolerate, v. Etymology: < French tolérer (15th cent. in Godefroy Compl.), < Latin tolerāre to bear, endure: see -ate suffix3.
toil, n.1 Etymology: Partly (i) < Anglo-Norman toil, toyl, toylle (compare Old French tooil , toeil , toel , Old French, Middle French touel , touil , tueil , Middle French touail , toueil , touil , toul , tuail ) battle, mêlée, massacre, trouble, confusion (late 12th cent.), argument, quarrel (c1250 or earlier), conflict, strife, fighting (end of the 13th cent. or earlier; < toiller , toillier , etc. toil v.1), and partly (in later use) (ii) < toil v.1 Compare tuilyie n.
toil, n.2 Etymology: < Middle French toile hunting net (although first attested slightly later than in English: 1530 in Palsgrave; frequently in plural; French toile ), specific sense development of toile web (c1275 in Old French, with reference to a spider's web), cloth (see toile n.1). Compare Old Occitan tela (13th cent. in this sense).
toil, v.1 Etymology: < Anglo-Norman toiler, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French toillier, Anglo-Norman and Middle French toiller (also Old French toelier , toeillier , tooillier , tuillier , Old French, Middle French toellier , Middle French toueillier , touillier , touellier ; French touiller , now chiefly regional) to wallow (late 12th cent., reflexive), to drag or pull (a person) through mud (late 12th cent.), to stir (something) (c1200), to make (something) dirty (end of the 13th cent. or earlier), to dispute, quarrel, argue (end of the 13th cent. or earlier), to work hard (last quarter of the 14th cent., reflexive, rare), to trouble (a person's brain) (first half of the 15th cent.), ultimately < classical Latin tudiculāre tudiculate v. The senses at Branch II. appear largely to show developments within English. Compare toly v., tuilyie v. Early modern orthoepists record variation of the diphthong between the reflexes of Middle English oi and ui (see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §255). Such variation is also suggested by early modern rhymes (Dryden, for instance, rhymes toils and smiles ), although such rhymes are rare before the mid 17th cent. The Middle English form twille perhaps reflects shift of the stress from the first to the second element of the diphthong. Scots spellings in ti- , ty- reflect the merger of the reflexes of Middle English ui and Middle English ī . The Scots diphthongal forms with -ou- , -ow- are difficult to explain. They probably show the reflex of monophthongized northern Middle English forms with long open ō (compare E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §261 note 3) after the further development of a back glide before l ; compare the Scots forms at roll v.2 In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix).
老師您好 He'll say anything to anybody to get the key players to sign off on a deal for Trump, whether or not it's built to last 1 say anything to anybody的意思是 ? (看不出來say anything to anybody跟 to get the key players有什麼關係) 2 to get..=in order to get .. ?
Extraordinarily, the favorites for the title lie at the bottom of the table 3有一疊資料，想要的資料是在這一疊資料的下層 (跟桌子的表面貼近)?
The response of external powers has been to inflict further injuries... 4has been to inflict 跟 has inflicted 在語意上有何不同?
The alternative is that Syria stands as an infamous new reference point for the brutality and destruction that it is possible to inflict with impunity upon a civilian population--and it will fall on the already loaded shoulders of the next generation to rebuild a shattered international system 5通常so...that是一組，that it is possible的that 是什麼(例如通常so...that是一組，從原句看不出來that要跟什麼配對; 而且that看起來也不是關系代名詞之類的)，
NATO plans to curtail the number of troops being sent to the region 6有being跟沒being在本句的差別是 ? 謝謝老師
1 就是為了達成目的，不管是要找什麼人說什麼話，他都願意幹。 2 是 3 看來是放在桌子的最下層。 4 has been to V「反應是要做」 has inflicted「回應已經做出」 5 that是關係代名詞，當作inflict的受詞，它的先行詞是the brutality and destruction 6 being sent是「正在送去」，sent是「已經送到」
老師您好 I hustled some tickets from a magazine and off we went. 1 off we went.的意思是?
There, jobs have shifted from production and manufacturing to professional services, and the highest-paying ones can be some of the most resistant to the kind of training that college affords black Americans. One does not train for a job in, say, consulting the way one does for engineering. The soft-skills jobs that trade in relationships are difficult ones for black workers to break into. That makes entrepreneurship attractive to professional-class black people like those at the Black Wall Street event. 2 the highest-paying ones...black Americans意思是:黑人在大學所受的專業訓練已無法滿足highest-paying ones的需求? 3 One does not train... for engineering意思是:consulting訓練的方式與engineering不同 ? 4 The soft-skills jobs that trade in relationships的意思是?
Jefferson reaffirmed the ideas expressed in the Declaration, whose meaning had long transcended its original purpose--announcing the break with Britain and the colonies' determination to form a new nation. 5 announcing...與reaffirmed the ideas的關係是同位格 ? 6 the break with Britain and the colonies' determination to form a new nation是 original purpose，那麼不加announcing是不是比較好 ? 謝謝老師
老師您好 EdBuild calculates that, annually, $23 billion more goes to districts serving at least 75% white students than to those with 25% or fewer, even though the total numbers of students are about equal. 1districts serving at least 75% white students所得到的錢減去to those with 25% or fewer,所得到的錢等於23 billion?
In some states, altering district lines requires amending the constitution, making better borders difficult to achieve. In others, parents are trying to secede from established districts into wealthy white enclaves that preserve tax revenues for themselves. Ultimately, school districts are choices about what children deserve. 2school districts are choices about what children deserve.的意思是 ? 謝謝老師
老師您好 All around was bubbling a cacophony of voices. 1 a cacophony of voices是大聲、不好聽的聲音。而bubble是小聲的聲音。不知原句的表達(把cacophony 跟bubbling 放在一起用)會不會有抵觸 ?
We projected our fears onto her. As black people, we know what we’re facing. When you’ve seen the devil up close and you’ve seen what evil lurks out there, your instinct is to just say, “Turn into me and you’ll be O.K. I’ve made it this far.” But we’re robbing our children of their identities and their most authentic selves. Sometimes the fiercest fight is against the person in the mirror and how you were raised. 2 I’ve made it this far意思是把Turn into me and you’ll be O.K.這件事發揮到極致 ?
When we were clear with our loved ones that, in the same way we’re not going to be friends with people who assault their children or use racist language, we were not going to accept any discrimination or abuse toward the LGBTQ+ community, it really wasn’t that difficult for them. 3 we were clear with our loved ones是 we made a point understood by our loved ones ?
We love our child and would do anything to make sure she has the best possibilities to succeed in life, to have happiness and joy. We see that in Zaya. 4 to have happiness and joy=so that she could have happiness and joy? 5 to have happiness and joy前有逗點的用意是 ? 謝謝老師
1 cacophony暗示「雜亂」，不一定是大聲。bubbling暗示「持續冒出來」，不一是是小聲。 2 有因果關係：If you turn into me, you'll be OK. Look, I have made it this far. If you're just like me, you'll be able to make it, too. 3 是 4, 5 to have happiness and joy就是to succeed in life的意思，類似同位格的關係，所以中間打個逗點。
老師好 The conjunction of two blows--losing his job at the same time he lost his girlfriend--completely destroyed his will. 請問he lost his girlfriend是不是關係子句？這裡可以改寫成at the same time as he lost ... 嗎？ 謝謝。
He defined a cynic as a blackguard whose faulty vision sees things as they are, not as they ought to be 2see things as they are, not as they ought to be 的意思 ?
Japan's Prime Minister-designate is completing his Cabinet today. 3 completing his Cabinet是指完成內閣的提名人選嗎?
Michael Jordan's flu game is famous for many reasons, yet Skylar Diggins-Smith's playing her entire 2018 season pregnant only led to her getting flak for taking the 2019 season off , because of postpartum depression, so she could return mentally and physically. 4 taking the 2019...的意思是:因為postpartum depression，所以才taking the 2019 season off。因為taking the 2019 season off ，所以she could return mentally and physically ?
5she could return mentally and physically.是不是意思比較不清楚，如果改成she could return mentally and physically well.會不會比較好？ 謝謝老師
老師您好 Each side has strong points in its favor. The passion of those who see oppression today in this or that long-standing practice mirrors that of the 19th century’s fire-breathing abolitionists. Meanwhile, “equality of opportunity” has the advantage of taking account of natural differences. Equality in all things? We don’t need to watch the Super Bowl to dismiss it as fanciful. 1 We don’t need to watch the Super Bowl to dismiss it as fanciful的意思是?
... When Douglas accused Lincoln of being in favor of inter-racial marriage, Lincoln acknowledged that most of his white listeners opposed “amalgamation” with black people. (Running for office in a state that prohibited slavery but also discriminated against black people in innumerable ways, he could not dismiss that fact.) Careless listeners then as now might conclude that Lincoln shared this “natural disgust.” But in fact, his explanation defends liberty for all and justifies equality as an ideal 2natural disgust是指most of his white listeners opposed “amalgamation” with black people? 3careless listeners之所以會有會錯意的情形，是因為Lincoln acknowledged that... (他們把acknowledged認為是supported) ?
From that equality can grow a new political future not only for those freed from slavery but also for those who were formerly masters. It might take generations to create that mutual respect, in which we are a nation of equal individuals, not a nation of fixed tribes, incapable of change. Lincoln brought his audience—people who may have been morally vicious, indifferent or even fanatically against slavery—together on the side of the founders. We today are only human, but they were too. 4We today are only human, but they were too.所要傳達的意思是 謝謝老師
1 作者贊成「機會均等」、不贊成「一切平等」，因為人天生有強有弱、有智有愚。看Superbowl，裏面都是超級強人，會令人感慨「同樣是人，他們怎會那麼強，老天真不公平」 2 就是那種opposition：白人很自然會對「黑白聯姻」有反感 3 是 4 We are only human大致相當於「人非聖賢（孰能無過）」。今人如此，前人亦復如是。當時那批選民裏面也是良莠不齊。
1 可以用should have been done。用should be則表示「理論上，照道理說」，不受時間限制 2 不能加逗點，因為關係子句有指出「哪種工作」的功能，屬於restrictive usage，可以用which或that（若加逗點會變成nonrestrictive usage，意思不同，不能用that） 3 ought to屬於語氣助動詞，所以是conditional「條件語氣」，也就是不確定語氣 4 in any way修飾的不是ad而是using 5 things that contribute to the empire's gains。這裏的interests比較偏向「利益」 6 while enclosing... 7 語帶反諷：「是個混蛋，眼睛有毛病，只看到事實、看不到理想。」其實是說一般人都一廂情願、不顧事實而只有幻想。在一般人眼中，這種人就是混蛋、就是眼睛有毛病
Why make a whole village prisoner if it was not to some nefarious purpose? 1why not 後面接原形動詞，所以why後面也 接原形動詞嗎 2it was ...的 was 簡單過去式 (有時看到非事實的句子，were常用was取代，所以我才想確認was在原句裡頭是否為簡單過去式)
Write, enclosing a cheque made payable to Cobuild Limited 3enclosing...=before enclosing... 會不會比較合理 . 因為不可能寫支票的同時(while)，又enclosing ?
He defined a cynic as a blackguard whose faulty vision sees things as they are, not as they ought to be
He did work which by rights should be done by someone else
He is not as brave as he should be 4上面三句的ought to be及should be意思同 ? 謝謝老師
At last the sobs ceased, to be replaced by sniffs 1為什麼這個句子要有逗點?不加逗點可以嗎?(If you cease to do something, you stop doing it. 感覺好像逗點一定要加，否則sobs ceased to be replaced就不合理了) 2 to be replaced可以變成which were replaced 嗎 (which的先行詞變成sobs)
The idea of Toni being in danger distresses him enormously. 3 The idea of Toni being in danger =The idea that Toni is in danger? 4原句為何要加being ?原句有加being及沒加 being對語意有何影響?
... the difference between foreign policy as presented to the public and foreign policy in actual practice 5 as presented 的as有"如" ，"像是"的意思。as presented=像是呈現給大眾的政策(老實說，我還是不理解中文的意思) ?
6 working technologies的working 是related to work 還是useful的意思? 謝謝老師
1 不加可能造成讀者誤解為ceased to。另外，加上逗點成為「補充說明」的語氣，重點在於ceased。 2 可以。也可以還原為The sobs ceased, which would be replaced by...，這才導出to be... 3 is改為was 4 若只有Tony in danger感覺像個名詞片語（一個人）。Tony being in danger則是一句敘述（一件事），有主詞（Tony）、動詞（being）、補語（in danger） 5 foreign policy as (it is) presented to the public「像給民眾看的那種外交政策」，foreign policy in actual practice「實際使用的外交政策」 6 working technologies = technologies being used; technologies at work
老師您好 But we at TIME also see the project as a call to each of us for all that is yet to be done in the unfinished fight for equality, including in our own work. for all =despite ? 1a call that is yet to be done ( that先行詞是a call ) ? 2that is yet to be done跟that has yet to be done的差別在於 前者強調call 未被做的事實，後者強調從過去至現在未被做?
As a political party they are trying to effect a change in the way that we think about our environment. 3in the way跟 in a way 在語意上有何不同? 4in the way that we think about our environment.＝how we think about our environment ?
The unemployed cannot withdraw their labor–they have no power. ５withdraw their labor的意思?
They protested that there was no place for a school of commerce in their hallowed halls of learning的意思?
"Your particles are just obeying their quantum mechanical marching orders," Greene says. "You have no ability to intercede in that quantum mechanical unfolding. None whatsoever."
But here's the thing about Greene, founder of the World Science Festival; host of multiple TV series on PBS; and the author of five books, including blockbuster The Elegant Universe and the just-released Until the End of Time: he says it all with such ebullience, such ingenuous enthusiasm, that if he told you the whole cold universe was ending tomorrow you'd roll with it the way he would--as just one more dramatic chapter in an extraordinary tale in which we all have a precious if fleeting role. ６as just one more...的意思是:that you'd roll with it the way he would as just one more....? 而as just one more的as是"成為什麼, 當作什麼"的意思
7 the whole cold universe was ending tomorrow=the whole cold universe would end tomorrow (非事實語氣) ? (是end這個動詞比較特別，可以用was (were ) ending的形式代替would end 嗎 ?
8 he says it all ...是指"Your particles一直到None whatsoever這一段話? (與say it all: completely express something without using words的意思有所區別)
1 for all that is yet to be done = for everything that is yet to be done。這裏的for all不作despite解釋。all是先行詞，後面的that是關係代名詞，關係子句修飾all 2 that is yet to be done就是that is still to be done，意思和that has yet to be done一樣，都是指未來。have to等於語氣助動詞must，和不定詞to同樣都表示不確定語氣 3 the way是先行詞。因為後面有關係子句指出是什麼way，所以要用定冠詞the才對 4 是。不過the way how感覺有點重複，一般都會改作the way that，或者省略掉how。也有些文法書主張the way後面不能接how 5 就是「罷工」 5.5 「他們主張：在神聖的學術殿堂中不該有『商學院』這樣的東西存在」 6 「你的做法會和他的做法完全一樣：把它當作…」 7 事實語氣是If he tells you the universe is ending tomorrow, you will roll with it，其中is ending在一般文法書中的說法是「現在進行式代替未來式」，適用於「排定、確定要發生但尚未發生的事」。寫為If he told you the universe was..., you would roll...，則是非事實語氣 8 是。和括弧中的say it all用法完全不同
老師您好 Far from healing Syria's wounds, the response of some external powers has been to inflict further injuries, bloodying their hands in the process 1 the response ... has been to 跟the response ... has inflicted... 在語意上有何不同 ? 2 bloodying...=so the response has bloodies.... ?
The alternative is that Syria stands as an infamous new reference point for the brutality and destruction that it is possible to inflict with impunity upon a civilian population... 3通常句子裡面so... that是一組。但本句中的 that it is possible的that是跟誰一組 ?
..the finest herd of beef cattle for two hundred miles. 4for two hundred miles在這的意思?
The conference encouraged black entrepreneurs to hustle in a way that white capital and consumers could understand 5in a way可以用the way取代嗎(在意思不變的情況下)
...that if he told you the whole cold universe was ending tomorrow you'd roll with it the way he would 6the way 可以用in a way取代嗎(在意思不變的情況下)
...the child who never had his need for attention and importance satisfied 7importance satisfied的意思是 ?
The most important period of economic expansion in the 20th century took place after World War II, and black workers had been deliberately excluded--they were routinely denied low interest loans... 8原句的語意應該是black workers had been deliberately excluded after World War II ? ( were excluded after World War II 跟had been excluded after World War II 有何差別)
9they were routinely denied...是簡單過去式，為何不是they had been routinely denied(因為lack workers had been deliberately excluded是過去完成式) ？
it cost less at first but resulted in more money being spent later 10being spent是正在花 ? 如果去掉being也不算錯，表已花掉 ? 謝謝老師
1, 2 to inflict另有主詞（應該是foreign powers），所以後面分詞構句省掉的主詞也是foreign powers 3 that是關係代名詞，先行詞是the brutality and destruction（還原為單句是it is possible to inflict the brutality and destruction...） 4 畫出最高級的範圍：方圓兩百哩內最好的肉牛 5 改為the way，感覺好像白人只能懂一種辦法 6 the way暗示in the same way，改為in a way則沒有這種暗示 7 句型是to have(V) his need for A and B(O) satisfied(C) 8 用had been暗示「已經造成了後果」 9 因為有routinely「經常性地」，表示持續在發生 10 也可以
老師您好 1之前看到一個句子...his dual role as head of the party and head of state. 那麼這個句子...the department's dual role as overseer of oil production and safety是不是改成....the department's dual role as overseer of oil production and overseer of safety比較好 2上面兩個句子的dual role as 後面為何不加the (例如the head of ... and the head of ... 及the overseer... the overseer)
Far from healing Syria's wounds, the response of some external powers has been to inflict further injuries, bloodying their hands in the process 3可還原為 the response of some external powers has been (foreign powers) to inflict ... ?
The conference encouraged black entrepreneurs to hustle in a way that white capital and consumers could understand 4 in a way改為the way，則the way =in the same way ?
5...the child who never had his need for importance satisfied 的意思是?
The treaty provides that, by the end of the century, the United States must have removed its bases 6treaty有規定的事是千真萬確的，怎麼會用must have removed猜測的語氣，而且是現在的角度猜過去，應該要用will remove未來式才比較對?
The March galvanized what we now perhaps too blithely think of as the Civil Rights Act. The landmark legislation not only enshrined full back citizenship in the nation's governance... 7we blithely think of something as the Civil Rights Act 是在暗示something 根本不是the Civil Rights Act ?(因為blithe =lacking due consideration) 謝謝老師
1 意思一樣。原句比較簡潔、你的改法比較清楚 2 例如Tsai Yingwen, President of Taiwan。後面的president是職稱，接上of Taiwan，這是同一時間只設一席的職位，可以等同專有名詞使用 3 還原為for foreign powers to ... 4 前提是white capital...只懂一種方法，才能使用in the way，但顯然不是這樣。如果說I acted in the way you did，那就是in the same way，指的就是「你的『那種』動作」，那就是只有一種（已經做過的那種） 5 小孩需要感覺自己很重要，但是一直得不到這種感覺 6 這裏的must不是猜測語氣，而是一般用法：「必需」。搭配完成式也不表示過去，而就是完成式：「已經做到」，因為時間副詞是by the end of the century「截至未來某時為止」，用must have removed就是未來完成式 7 就是the Civil Rights Act，加上too blithely是暗示這個法案「有名無實」，並不能真正保障人權
老師您好 The conference encouraged black entrepreneurs to hustle in a way that white capital and consumers could understand 1 in a way的in 可以省略嗎?(而且意思不變) 2 in a way改成in the way，就等於in the same way. 那我的問題是: in the way的in可以省略嗎，而且意思不變 ? (我會這麼想的原因是因為有一個句子...that if he told you the whole cold universe was ending tomorrow you'd roll with it the way he would在這個句子，the way=in the same way, 而且the way好像前面的in 省略了) 謝謝老師
仍作「被動」解釋。這樣來看： The theory(S) interests me(O). 動詞interest可改為現在分詞interesting與過去分詞interested這兩種非限定動詞。修飾主詞就是主動的（現在分詞），如the story is interesting。修飾受詞就是被動的（過去分詞），如I am interested。但是interested被動的味道很淡，所以後面並不採用被動態專用的介系詞by，而要用in，如：I am interested in the story。句中的interested偏向形容詞的用法，不是真正的被動態。
老師您好 Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, given that I don't earn that much. 1 as=in the same way, like.?
Jefferson, by dint of his family ties, was born at the top, and there would have been no reason to suspect that he would ever come to be associated with the idea of equality. This is especially so given that he was born into a slave society, and his family fully participated in the institution of slavery. From an early age, he would have understood what unequal status meant, with his lifelong involvement in the most extreme version of it as a slave owner. The equality of humankind was simply not an expectation in his world. Yet, as a young man inspired by the books he read, Jefferson began the process of questioning these hierarchies .... 2 there would have been no reason to suspect 是現在的角度猜過去? 3 This is especially so 的this 是指there would have been no reason to suspect‧‧‧? 4 This is especially so的is為什麼不用would have been ? 5 he would have understood 是現在的角度猜過去? 6 The equality of humankind was simply not an expectation in his world. 是總結Jefferson, by dint of his family ties...as a slave owner的結論。那我的問題是: Jefferson 曾說"all men are created equal". 而原句The equality of humankind was simply not‧‧‧是簡單過去式(表示他不贊同equality)，那麼不就跟"all men are created equal"有抵觸? 謝謝老師
Apply the cream liberally to exposed areas every three hours and after swimming. 請問老師，我要拿受詞exposed areas來製造被動語態，可以寫成： Exposed areas are applied the cream to ... 嗎?
老師您好 she's an absolute raving lunatic. 1 absolute為什麼不改成absolutely(absolutely raving) ?
But this economic transformation did not happen in a vacuum. in the 1960s, white parents in Benton Harbor pushed for new school buildings in white neighborhoods that would have effectively segregated the district. 2 事實上new school buildings in white neighborhoods effectively segregated the district.可是原句為何用猜測語氣(現在的角度猜過去 )
3Now the murderer has two deaths on his conscience.的意思?
He could not afford luxury food on his pay 4 on=using ?
If an expense is tax-deductible, it can be paid out of the part of your income on which you do not pay tax 5out of =from ?
They pass on their cost of borrowing and add to it their profit margin. 6 add to it their profit margin.=they add their profit margin to it?(it指的是什麼?不清楚後半段句子的意 思?)
The March galvanized what we now perhaps too blithely think of as the Civil Rights Act. The landmark legislation not only enshrined full back citizenship in the nation's governance... 7too blithely是暗示這個法案「有名無實」，並不能真正保障人權。blithely =lacking due consideration, 我感覺不出來too blithely有這個暗示，煩請老師解釋? 謝謝老師
She and Frank had never gotten around to opening a joint account. 2 to 後加v-ing是因為to是介詞? (不過感覺get around (in order )to do something好像也講得通?)
To capture his equity, Murphy must either sell or refinance. 3 不懂這句的意思(sell or refinance會跟capture his equity有什麼關係)
In 1835, tucked away in a treaty ceding Georgia Cherokee land to the U.S., the government agreed that the Cherokee people "shall be entitled to a delegate in the House of Representatives." 4依句意來說，tucked away的主詞好像不是the government，不知主詞是 ?
What would Hollywood be today if , six decades ago, the powers that be looked like us, and the people onscreen were given an opportunity to be seen in their totality ? That question became our compass, allowing us to tell a revisionist history of what we wished Hollywood could be, fully utilizing the platform's powers for good
5that be looked like us是有省略什麼嗎 6 Hollywood could be為非事實? (為何不是Hollywood could have been) 7 fully utilizing..=while allowing us to fully utilizing... ?
lack of education and hope are violence 8 are應該改成is ?
Benton Harbor pushed for new school buildings in white neighborhoods that would have effectively segregated the district. 9 effectively=used when you describe what the real result of a situation is?
1 「他的名聲，託付給後人。」暗示他將很有名 2 是介系詞。字面上是「走到某處」 3 背景應該是房地產投資。equity capture意思是在投資中獲利。句子說的那個人貸款買了一塊房地產，如今可能付不出房貸了。要想賺錢，他可以把房子賣掉，也可以另外進行貸款 4 這個分詞構句的主詞是整個主要子句：「政府同意…」這句話 5 the powers (that be) looked like us「掌權者看起來和我們一樣」。其中that be是關係子句，相當於that exist。用原形動詞be是比較古老的用法 6 what we wished Hollywood could be其中could be的時間句we wished相同。如果說what we wished Hollywood could have been，其中could have been的時間在we wished之前。 7 while we fully utilize... 8 斷句可能有錯，請提供完整上下文 9 是。相當於in effect
老師您好 The coffee table is glass, to be as unobtrusive as possible. 1 to be..應該是in order to be.. ?在to前加逗點原因是 to be as unobtrusive as possible為補充資訊?
He was wishing (that) she would leave him alone. 2 wish比較常跟非事實連用。但本句的would應該是簡單過去式之未來?
I wish (that) she would be quiet and listen to me. 3 would為非事實語氣，意思是 to be willing? 4若改成she were quiet就沒有to be willing的意思，就是當下的狀況(她現在很吵)?
What would Hollywood be today if , six decades ago, the powers that be looked like us, and the people onscreen were given an opportunity to be seen in their totality ? That question became our compass, allowing us to tell a revisionist history of what we wished Hollywood could be, fully utilizing the platform's powers for good... And in grappling with that question, we found ourselves examining a culture that often overlooks the contributions and accomplishments of people of color... 5What would Hollywood...totality ?本句所表達的都是簡單 過去式，與非事實語氣無關? (可是實際上Hollywood也不是作者所想的那樣，感覺用非事實語氣比較好? )
King saw violence as not coming just from the barrel of a gun. Poverty is violence; unemployment is violence; lack of education and hope are violence 6 lack of education and hope are violence的are要改成is ? 謝謝老師
1 是 2 但也有非事實語氣：actually she wouldn't do so 3 非事實語氣，暗示actually she wouldn't 4 是 5 what would Hollywood be today是現在時間非事實語氣，if子句應該採用的是過去時間非事實語氣：if the powers that be "had looked" like us...and the people "had been" given...。原句沒有清楚表達 6 意思是lack of education and lack of hope are violence
老師您好 He was wishing (that) she would leave him alone.
１若看成是非事實，則actually she wouldn't do so。 但will (現在式)及would(過去式)的意思是be willing to , 若原句看成是非事實，則would leave 是不是改成would have left 會不會比較好(因為was wishing是過去式)? 2 he wished 及he was wishing在語意上有何差別?
The day seemed as though it would never end. 3the day 根本不會無止境的繼續，所以原句改成would have never ended會不會比較好
The dog wagged its tail as if to say “Welcome back!” 4 to say感覺是in order to的意思，若to say改成saying也可以，就沒有in order to的意思。不知以上觀念是否正確 ? 謝謝老師
1 一般情況是這樣： I wish I had more time. (Actually I don't.) I wished I had had more time. (Actually I didn't.) 但是你問的那句因為有語氣助動詞would，所以變化和一般的情況不同。 He wished she would do something then. (Actually she wouldn't.) He wished she would have done something earlier. (Actually she hadn't.) 2 就是狀態的差別：he was wishing是「當時他心裏『在』想的是什麼」。he wished則是「他有這種想法」 3 同樣是因為有語氣助動詞would存在，所以用法也不一樣 4 正確
老師您好 On a recent rainy morning in Charlotte, Lavi visited her aunt Shneila’s third-story walk-up so her mother could go to a doctor’s appointment. Shneila applied to at least six rental units before she found a landlord willing to accept her local housing subsidy. “Those two have compromised immune systems,” she says, pointing to two of her children, who were born prematurely. “I can’t bring them to a shelter,” she adds, too aware of how close she came. “We can’t be homeless.” 1 how close she came表示: 到了快要讓她的兩個小孩被安置到shelter的點了 ?
It was hard for him to be aware of her; he kept sinking back into black preoccupation. 2 black=sad ?
Digital life after death has raised ethical questions before, especially when figures have been used in ways that seemed out of keeping with their real inspirations. King isn’t the first person to be digitally reanimated, and he won’t be the last, so these questions will only become more common, says Jeremy Bailenson, founder of Stanford’s Virtual Human Interaction Lab. “What to do with one’s digital footprint over time has got to be a part of the conversation about one’s estate,” he says. “It is your estate; it is your digital legacy.” 3要將已死去的人digitally reanimated，那麼此人的mannerism 是不是也算是文章中的one’s estate ?
He wished she would do something then ４then的時間應該就是wished當下的時間?
老師您好 These changes couldn't have come at a better time. 1意思是這些改變來的正是時候(現在的角度猜過去; 至也有可能是現在的角度猜過去至今，看上下文而定) ?
Contemporary photographs are juxtaposed with a sixteenth century, copper Portuguese mirror 2 photographs及mirror是不同性質的東西，怎麼可以 juxtapose ?
The commonalities are striking, with both works adhering to Siqueiros' philosophy that in order to make truly radical art, artists must shed old practices and pioneer new methods. 3句中的that前面也沒有so 之類的字使其成為一組(so... that), 而且that看起來也不像是關係代名詞，不知如何解釋 ? 4with可以省略嗎(both works adhering to =because both works adhere to ...)
Such is the size of the problem that these arguments are purely academic. 5=The size of the problem is such that these arguments are purely academic ? 6原句把such移到最前面是為了要強調這個(有可能是假設性之類的)問題涉及層面很廣大?
How fortunate we are for Real Life(書名), another contribution from a community long deserving of the chance to tell its stories ７for是因為的意思?
寫作課的例句
回覆刪除He’s not old enough to participate in the contest.（他還沒到參賽的年齡。）
請問以上句子如何還原？
我嘗試還原為：He’s not old enough so that he "can" participate in the contest.（他年紀不夠，所以他能參賽。）
我還原出來的句子（年紀小，能參賽），和講義裡面的減化子句的句意（年紀小，不能參賽）完全相反，很奇怪。可是按照減化原則把不定詞to還原為語氣助動詞can，好像也沒有錯，結果卻是句意相反，這是為何？
如果說，副詞子句要還原為：… so that he "can not" participate in the contest，可是原句只是to participate in the contest，而不是not to participate in the contest。
重點是修飾的對象：so that...或in order that...修飾的對象是程度副詞enough：年紀夠就可以…。然後整個否定：年紀還不夠
刪除寫作課的例句
回覆刪除Just as plants need sunshine, so I need you.
問題：
1.副詞just是哪一種副詞？
2.副詞just修飾整個從屬子句as plants need sunshine，還是只修飾動詞need？
1
刪除intensifier：加強語氣
2
可以說修飾整個子句，也可以說是修飾as一個字
寫作課的例句
回覆刪除This question is not so difficult to answer as you think.
問題：
1.這個比較級如何寫成兩個平行對稱的單句？
我嘗試寫成如下兩個平行對稱的單句，對嗎？
This question is difficult to answer.
You think it is difficult to answer.
還是？
This question is "too" difficult to answer.
You think it is "too" difficult to answer.
2.比較點是difficult嗎？不是的話，比較點是什麼？
1
刪除是前面那組
2
比較點是difficult
老師您講課的時候說到：so that，表示結果，只能省略that，剩下so；「表示目的，只能省略so，剩下that」。
回覆刪除老師的文法書P378卻寫道：連接詞so that在此解釋為「目的是」，引導的副詞子句修飾動詞decided的目的，「這個that也可以省略」。
當連接詞so that表示目的時，您上課說：不能省略that，您的文法書卻說：可以省略that，請問是文法書寫錯了，還是上課我記錯了？
可能是我上課沒講清楚。表示目的也可以省略that
刪除寫作課的例句
回覆刪除I’ll try to finish the project by next month.
請問，上述句子應該還原為句1，句2還是句3？
句1（來自Yes/No Question的名詞子句）：I’ll try if/whether I can finish the project by next month.
句2（來自直述句的名詞子句）：I’ll try that I can finish the project by next month.
句3（if為從屬連接詞的副詞子句）：I’ll try if I can finish the project by next month.
應該是句2。如果是句1疑問句，那麼疑問詞whether應該留下來才對。句3的if則只能解釋為「如果」，意思不通
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除That spotlight on the virus may have nudged officials into action, with President issuing a directive to put people’s safety as the top priority….
1 With=together with ?
Fortunately for Trump, no Congress in the country’s history ever explicitly outlawed using the power of the presidency to help win re-election. Now Senators will have to decide whether that’s all that matters.
2 that’s all是指using the power of the presidency to help win re-election.這一件事在法律上究竟是否合法 ?
The child was committed to his trust.
3=he take care of the child ?
4 committed 在這看起來好像不是government remains committed to peace的committed，不知原句的committed要如何解釋 ?
The abuse or violation of some public trust
5 Public trust=the public’s confidence in government acting in the best interests of them ?
Beyond the bounds of Pythondom, Jones wrote numerous books, published essays against the Iraq War and drafted the screenplay for David Bowie’s cult classic Labyrinth. He also became a noted scholar of medieval history. Monty Python and the Holy Grail fans may laugh at that last bit, but Jones would probably be glad. (https://time.com/5770128/terry-jones-monty-python-obituary/)
6 but Jones would probably be glad.的意思是 ?
they called for five demands, not one less
7 not one less 是少一個都不行 ?
Options are offered subject to staff availability and the constraints of the timetable.
8 Options are offered 是不是也可改成Ｏptions would(可能性) be offered ，因為原句的語意是Options are offered會不會發生取決於staff availability and the constraints of the timetable ? 而原句Options are offered表示一定會發生?
They told me that their village numbered 100是指這個村莊有9 100人還是有100年的歷史 ?
...the noble institutions of political life, such as political rhetoric and public service.
10 noble是high moral standards 嗎 ?
11 public service.怎會跟 noble institutions有關 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除可還原為副詞子句while the President issued...
2
「只要法律沒有明文禁止，其他因素都不重要」，亦即可以放川普過關
3
是
4
given, granted, assigned
5
是
6
Jones would be glad that they laugh。此人是搞喜劇的，能逗樂觀眾，正中他的下懷
7
是。強調「多達」5個
8
offering options的動作已經發生了，是事實。你懷疑的則是whether options are taken
9
有100人
10
比較偏向highly esteemed
11
當總統也是public service
寫作課的例句
回覆刪除The popularity of the new show is attributable not so much to its design as to the personal charisma of the host.
我在分析這個比較級的時候，找不出比較點是什麼。
第一步：寫出兩個平行對稱的單句。
The popularity of the new show is attributable to its design.
The popularity of the new show is attributable to the personal charisma of the host.
第二步：用連接詞連接兩個單句，變成復句。
The popularity of the new show is attributable "not so much" to its design
"as" the popularity of the new show is attributable to the personal charisma of the host.
第三步：觀察比較點，如果比較點重復，就要省略從屬子句裡面的比較點。
在第三步這裡找不到比較點是什麼。這裡好像是介系詞片語to its design和to the personal charisma of the host的比較。
比較點是程度副詞much：
刪除The popularity of the new show is attributable "very much" to its design.
The popularity of the new show is attributable "very much" to the personal charisma of the host.
然後用表示「小於」的連接詞not so...as連接，成為：
The popularity of the new show is attributable "not so much" to its design
"as" it is attributable "very much" to the personal charisma of the host.
接下來把從屬子句中重複的比較點very much省掉
作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除老師您好
回覆刪除Could he not, just as a precaution, move to a place of safety?
1 =Couln't he move ....=他不能夠移到安全的地方嗎 ?
There is no more important time to be in United States Congress
2=This is the most important time to be in United States Congress ?
3to be 的意思 ? (有to be跟沒有to be 在語意上的差別是?
The government should give monthly cash allowances to every family with kids. (HIgh-income families would have much of that money taxed away)
4意思是高所得的人如果領了政府這筆錢(5000元)，那麼幾乎這5000元將以課稅的形式又繳回給政府 ？
5 He is done being cautious= He is not cautious now; he has been cautious ?
The biggest mistake reformists made wasn't signing the deal, but overselling the benefits of that deal to the public (a criticism that can also be lodged against the Obama Administration, if we're being honest).
6 we're being honest及we're honest 在語意上的差別是？
On Super Bowl Sunday, in what may be America's foremost annual display of mass hypocrisy, around 100 million people will tune in.
7 in what= in a situation(situation= Super Bowl) where Super Bowl may be America's ...hypocrisy ?
The album sees them re-living past glories
8=They relive past glories when the album is out
謝謝老師
1
刪除是
2
是
3
加上to be說的是「當國會議員」，不加to be說的是「在國會這個地方」
4
是
5
是。be done (with)意思是「受夠了、不再…」
6
假設：你當面稱讚某人寫的詩很棒，對方滿意離開之後你趕緊跟在旁的第三者說：When I said just now that the poem was great, I was being kind.，這跟I was kind不同。加上being可以強調「進行」，成為「我當時是在給對方留面子」。沒有being則成我「我是好人」。同樣的，we're being honest是「我們在說是實話」，we're honest是「我們是老實人」
7
=in a situation that may be...，表示Super Bowl本身可能就是…
8
the album的內容就是這些歌手在緬懷過往
作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除(One) had few options short of replacing the motor.
回覆刪除老師在【2021年9月3日 上午11:08】回復說，short是形容詞，修飾few options。
請問：
1.few options "short" of replacing the motor，是名詞片語few "short" options of replacing the motor裡面的形容詞short後置到介系詞of前面嗎？
2.如果short是後位修飾的形容詞，老師以前講過後位修飾的形容詞有：外來語與慣用語、復合名詞後面、一些a-開頭的形容詞，這裡好像不屬於這三類，我不解形容詞short是怎麼來的，如何分析句子成分。
short of something是形容詞short加上介系詞片語of something，構成一個形容詞片語。因為是片語，所以要放在名詞後面。你說的那三類適用於單字
刪除作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除老師在「2021年9月24日 上午11:04」回復說：
回覆刪除so that表示目的「也」可以省略that。
用了「也」字，是不是說：so that表示目的，有兩種省略的選擇：
1.可以省略that，只留下so一字；
2.也可以省略so，只留下that一字。
正確
刪除老師在「2021年9月8日 上午10:35」回復說：
回覆刪除原句：The boss asked me to type a letter for him.
既可以還原為「不確定語氣」：The boss asked "whether" I could type a letter for him.
又可以還原為「命令語氣」：The boss asked that I type a letter for him.
老師在「2021年9月8日 上午10:37」回復說：
原句：The boss ordered everybody to come to the party.
可還原為：
句1：The boss ordered that everybody "must come" to the party.
句3：The boss ordered that everybody "come" to the party.（間接命令句）
不可還原為：
句2：The boss ordered "if/whether" everybody "must come" to the party.
問題：
1.The boss asked "whether" I could type a letter for him.，為什麼減化後是：The boss asked me to type a letter for him.，而不是：The boss asked "whether" to type a letter for him.，難道疑問詞whether不用留下來嗎？
2.為何ask這個句子可以還原為含有whether的子句，而ordered這個句子卻不能還原為含有whether的子句（句2）？
1
刪除句型已經變成SVOC，不再有從屬子句在其中了
2
因為句意：ask a question通，order a question不通
老師您好
回覆刪除We are calling on you to restore our faith in you to be able to put our lives first
1 in you to be able to…=in you being able to ….= that you are able to ?
2 in you to be able to…及in you being able to ….哪一種寫法較好?
Some Democrats still have bitter memories of how, against all odds, they came off worst during the inquiry.
3 against all odds是achieve something although a lots of problems . 但此處是Some Democrats處於某種劣勢狀態，怎會用against all odds ?
It's not going to happen on a large scale anytime soon, maybe even ever
4 maybe even ever 的意思是?
When I was 27 and protesting a war gone wrong, sometimes those on the other side would confront us with the slogan “My country, right or wrong.” And to them we would reply, “Yes, my country, right or wrong. When right, keep it right—and when wrong, make it right.” To beat the climate crisis, to win the war to achieve zero emissions, we need to help young people make our world right, right now.
5 My country, right or wrong及Yes, my country, right or wrong. When right, keep it right—and when wrong, make it right所要表達的意思是 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除是
2
我會用in "your" being able to...
3
若有9成的機率該贏，結果卻輸了，可以說They lost, against all odds
4
前面是 not any time soon，後面加上maybe ever意思就是maybe not ever（或never）
5
在越戰時代，美國民眾群起反戰，但也有一派沙文主義者高呼My country, right or wrong「不論國家做對做錯，都要愛國」，亦即：就算越戰打錯了，還是要愛國、把戰爭進行到底。反戰派則說：「國家有對有錯。做得對就擇善固執、做錯了就知過能改」。
作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除老師您好
回覆刪除1Money was a commodity she never thought about except in the abstract的意思是 ?
The term “Mardi Gras” literally means “Fat Tuesday” in French.
2Fat Tuesday明明是英文(in English)，怎麼會說是in French?
謝謝老師
1
刪除「她從不考慮金錢，除了思考『金錢』的概念。」
2
意思是Fat Tuesday的法文。
作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除老師您好
回覆刪除Amazon had to abandon an AI program after it favored men over women for suggested hiring. And that’s just one algorithm that we know about: 72% of CVs in the US never reached human eyes as of 2016…
that’s just one algorithm=that’s just one of these things ?
謝謝老師
對，表示說「人工智慧事先篩選淘汰求職者」的現象相當普遍
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除People who love their dogs almost always love them forever. The same cannot always be said for those who marry.
The same…的意思我猜是those married who love their dogs almost always love them forever. 但是cannot always be said在字面上的意思又不是這樣子 ?
謝謝老師
意思是Those who marry their spouses do not always love them forever.
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除Society is no longer passing the baton to the next in line in a continuing trend of incremental change. We are witnessing a fundamental departure from politics as usual, as these young leaders respond to the demands of even younger activists acutely attuned to the injustices and inequalities of their era. “We grew up around people who have struggled to put food on the table,” Nadia Whittome, who was just elected the U.K.’s youngest parliamentarian at age 23, tells TIME. “We know that the crises we’re up against are huge in scale and that the solutions to them need to be equally bold and implemented urgently.”
從這一段我還是看不出來為什麼Society is no longer passing the baton to the next in line in a continuing trend of incremental change ?
謝謝老師
從前的環境是逐漸改變，政治領袖的接班也是漸進式的改革。現在的情況變了：年輕人面對社會不公，強烈不滿，要求的是革命。Whittome說「我們這一代有許多人三餐不繼」，這就反映出環境不同了，從前那種漸近式的改革已經不符需求。
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除Crenshaw is a vocal supporter of American military abroad and bucked his party to oppose Trump's proposed withdrawal of troops from Syria
1暗示Crenshaw沒有直接跟Trump起衝突，但真正的目的是反對Trump 的政策 ?
I feel bitterness and anger towards the person…
2Feel後面常接形容詞，為何原句可接名詞 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除共合黨支持川普的決策，Crenshaw則違反黨意、堅持反對川普決策
2
feel可以當及物動詞，類似sense
寫作課的例句
回覆刪除From "States of Vulnerability," Time
It’s never been more expensive to go to college.
老師把這句話解釋為：上大學從未如此昂貴。
我不理解的地方在於，如果是：It’s been more expensive to go to college.，那麼說的是：上大學很貴。可是如果加上never，變成：It’s "never" been more expensive to go to college.，不就是「否定」上大學貴這件事嗎，也就是說，上大學不貴。
對這裡的never不懂，明明已經否定上大學很貴這件事，為什麼到最後卻解釋為：上大學很貴。
意思是拿現在和過去相比：it has never been more expensive是「從前（到現在）從來沒有那麼貴」，相比的是than it is now「現在最貴」，但是整個than子句只有暗示而沒有說出來
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除And she, too, suffers from a lack of critical engagement with the literary texts.
1 Critical是指important還是relating to the judgement of something ?
The media has made unfeeling voyeurs of all of us.
2made unfeeling voyeurs of all of us=made all of us unfeeling voyeurs ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除是後者，表示此人並沒有採用專業批評家的手法來看文章
2
是
老師您好
回覆刪除For so many young people, women in particular, workplace exploitation is granular–you don’t have to be the victim of outright sexual assault or threats to be affected by a higher-up’s bad behavior. Garner is perfectly cast, a pixie of steel. You can see by the stern set of Jane’s lips and by the way, time and again, she just barely represses an eye roll, that she’s tough enough to handle all of this–and yet she knows she shouldn’t have to.
1 workplace exploitation is granular= workplace exploitation is tough /difficult ?
2 she shouldn’t have to是現在非事實嗎 ?是在暗示什麼 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除granular意思是in the details。報上的照片放大檢視就會成為點狀排列，like grains
2
she shouldn't have to handle all of this：如果職場上做到兩性平等，她就不必應付這些。語氣屬於conditional，語氣助動詞should表達不確定語氣
老師您好
回覆刪除In absolute terms British wages remain low by European standards
1 In absolute terms的意思是:without comparing British wages with those of other countries. 可是European standards不就是歐盟的標準嗎(這也是跟其他國家比) ?
We've all seen enough dummies catapulting through windscreens in TV warnings to know the dangers of not wearing seat belts
2 to know=so that we've known ... ?
People who love their dogs almost always love them forever. The same cannot always be said for those who marry.
3The same…的意思我猜是those married who love their dogs almost always love them forever. 但是cannot always be said在字面上的意思又不是這樣子 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除例如歐盟國家平均時薪是10歐元，英國的平均時薪是9歐元，這就是in absolute terms英國薪資較低（不考慮物價水平等等）
2
so that we should know...
3
It cannot always be said that those who marry their spouses always love them forever.
標點符號的問題
回覆刪除Apostrophe [ ’ ]
1.
Please underline the which’s and that’s in this passage.
這裡在which和that後面加上's，意思是說，文中有很多個which和that，請划出文中所有的which和that嗎？
2.
*This highway connects Mts. Ali and Jade.
*The U.S. does not have many ICBMs left.
*The 1960s were quite remarkable years.
這三句話都加了*，是想表達什麼含義嗎？
尤其是ICBMs，複數為什麼不能ICBM's（很多個ICBM）？
1
刪除是
2
特殊的複數，一般是用 's 來表示，但有些情況直接加 s 就行，例如Mt.的複數一般就用Mts.。至於ICBMs與the 1960s，從前確實要寫成ICBM's與the 1960's，但是近年來已經變成不加撇號、直接加 s，這是受到新聞體英文追求「精簡」的影響。
作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除標點符號的問題
回覆刪除Colon [ : ]
1.
John will never become a competent leader: he has no sense of responsibility at all.
老師說過，冒號[ : ]、分號[ ; ]、破折號[ -- ]可以取代對等連接詞，可是這句話把冒號換成連接詞卻是從屬連接詞because，而非對等連接詞and，這是為何？
2.
Imports rose sharply: steel, cars, and electronic equipment.
老師說過，冒號[ : ]可以取代連接詞，這裡好像沒有連接詞，是不是要還原為：Imports "that are" steel, cars, and electronic equipment rose sharply.，這樣就可以理解為：用冒號取代從屬連接詞that？
1
刪除這三個標點符號功能相當於對等連接詞，連接的兩個句子沒有主從之分，都是主要子句。上面那個例子若不用冒號，最好的改法是用句點斷開成為兩句。若改為because，後面成為副詞子句，和原句稍有不同
2
冒號不能取代從屬連接詞，可以取代對等連接詞。除了取代對等連接詞之外，冒號還有別的用法，例如用來引導同位格來做補充說明
老師您好
回覆刪除For so many young people, women in particular, workplace exploitation is granular–you don’t have to be the victim of outright sexual assault or threats to be affected by a higher-up’s bad behavior. Garner is perfectly cast, a pixie of steel. You can see by the stern set of Jane’s lips and by the way, time and again, she just barely represses an eye roll, that she’s tough enough to handle all of this–and yet she knows she shouldn’t have to.
1 workplace exploitation is granular的意思是: 如果workplace exploitation最嚴重給100分，那麼很細微的workplace exploitation(1分)就是這裡所說的workplace exploitation is granular ?
2 you don’t have to be the victim of outright sexual assault or threats to be affected by a higher-up’s bad behavior.是在暗示workplace exploitation也有可能來自於同事間很細微的言語騷擾之類的 ?
3…she just barely represses an eye roll, that…在這個句子中，barely…that是一組嗎 ? (像是so… that )
謝謝老師
1
刪除可以這樣理解：這幅畫面要用放大鏡檢視才能從構成的微粒中看出端倪。亦即：上司剝削下屬的情況往往不很明顯，只表現在一些小事情上
2
是
3
You(S) can see(V) that...(O)，句中的that子句是名詞子句當作can see的受詞。中間she just barely represses an eye roll是關係子句（省略掉關係副詞how），修飾先行詞the way
老師您好
回覆刪除IMF data shows that even seven years after a devastating tropical storm, a country’s GDP per capita remains 1% lower than it would have been otherwise
1 it would have been otherwise=it would have been without a devastating tropical storm ?( 過去非事實 )
2原句比較的基準應該是: seven years after a devastating tropical storm，現在這個時候真正的GDP per capita及沒有a devastating tropical storm時現在這個時候的GDP per capita(現在非事實)。為何原句用過去非事實 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除正確
2
用would be也行
請問老師
回覆刪除Homer's Iliad picks up the description of the siege in its ninth year and ends with the funeral for Prince Hector of Troy, the inevitable fall of Troy implicitly recognized.
1 後半句是不是獨立分詞構句?可以還原成表結果的 so that ... 是嗎? 整句話修飾的是 ends?
2 recognized 用的是被動語態，但是是誰承認的啊?
謝謝
1
刪除是
2
被動態可以不說主詞是誰。這裏暗示的應該是「讀者」（by the reader）
老師您好
回覆刪除Even Biden's gaffes would strike voters as authentic and refreshing compared with carefully packaged candidates the public had tired of. But Biden says, "I realized I just didn't have the heart to do it."
1 I just didn't have the heart to do it的意思是？
The candidate is prone to indecision, sometimes paralyzingly so. The campaign's kickoff was delayed as he dithered.
2 sometimes paralyzingly so. 如何還原?
謝謝老師
1
刪除「不忍心」或「無意願」
2
The candidate is sometimes paralyzingly prone to indecision.
意思是說此人優柔寡斷，有時甚至到了令他寸步難行的地步
作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除老師您好
回覆刪除Yet many Democrats fear nominating Biden is a disaster waiting to happen. Trump could run the same playbook he ran against Clinton: insinuating physical decline, pointing out paid speeches and other ties to big banks, the vague scent of legal-but-sleazy associations, “experience” turned into an epithet against the longtime Washington insider. Biden allies recognize the threat and insist they’re girding for a brawl. Says Senator Chris Coons of Delaware: “We’re going to go right back at him.”
Biden’s bus trundles on through Iowa, the windows so darkened by his campaign slogan that it’s impossible to see the landscape as it passes by. “My mom used to say, as long as you’re alive—” he pauses and emits a chuckle. “You’re not dead until you see the face of God.”
My mom... God是在暗示什麼
謝謝老師
拜登先是引述其母之語：as long as you're alive...，接下來應該是you should never give up之類勵志的話。拜登後來加上那句有點自嘲：「沒見到主之前都還不算死」，言下之意是「我雖然老邁，還有一口氣在」
刪除Homer's Iliad picks up the description of the siege in its ninth year and ends with the funeral for Prince Hector of Troy, the inevitable fall of Troy implicitly recognized.
回覆刪除老師好，上次我問這句的 recognize 的主詞是什麼，您說可能是讀者，但這一來意思是「讀者承認特洛伊敗亡」，說不通，還是 recognize 在此不作承認解?謝謝。
recognize在此不是「承認」，而是「辨識出、知道、了解」。Hector是特洛伊的支柱，他死了，特洛伊的敗亡「不用說也知道」
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除In the arc of the Trump presidency, Bolton now represents the high-water mark in loyalty tests for Trump’s followers in Congress. As Trump has hired, fired and humiliated some of the most established GOP national-security figures, many Republicans in the Senate have tried to remain silent, fearing the political cost of crossing a President with more than 80% support in the party. Now, as jurors in the impeachment trial that could decide the fate of the Trump presidency and their own political futures, those same Republicans were being forced to take a side: believe Donald Trump or John Bolton.
Bolton now represents the high-water mark in loyalty tests的意思是?
謝謝老師
Bolton本來是川普手下大將，去職後大力抨擊川普。high-water mark本意是「最高水位刻度」，也就是「最高點」。某位共和黨參議員是否效忠川普，最高指標就看他如何對待Bolton
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除Democrats would need 20 Republicans to make that happen, and as of Jan. 29 that remained a most remote possibility. But Bolton’s account has raised the bar for the GOP’s loyalty test in the era of Trump. Bolton served in the administrations of Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush, rising to be U.N. ambassador, and ultimately spent 17 months in Trump’s White House. If they refuse to hear from Bolton, Republican Senators would be on the record in a way many had hoped to avoid.
1 as of Jan. 29= on Jan. 29?
2 Republican Senators would be on the record in a way :他們公開表示他們不想聽Bolton的證詞 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除是
2
是。公開與Bolton決裂
老師好
回覆刪除Have you noticed that when you’re dieting, the brain focuses on the foods you shouldn’t be eating? In my view, this is another reason why dieters fail in the end. Aren’t you better off never going on one or more of your diets in the first place? I was, because I had a plan.
想詢問的是第三句: Aren’t you better off …
我的解讀為: 你一開始先不要進行一項或多項的節食計畫, 不會比較好嗎?
不知是否正確? 這種寫法其特殊性在何處?
「一開始先不要」改為「根本就不要」。這種寫法語氣比較強
刪除Dear 老師,
回覆刪除這一期的time立解，有一句是這樣的
China hawks have since accused Joe Biden’s Administration of going soft on Beijing in permitting Meng’s return home.
這句的文法架構應該怎麼解析比較好？整句語義不太好理解
謝謝老師～
since 在此是副詞，意思是「此後」，in引導的介系詞片語指出在哪一方面，修飾going soft。至於指責某人如何的片語則是 accuse sb of V-ing。
刪除Marco的解析很好。句型是China hawks(S) have accused(V) Joe Biden's Administration(O) of ...。「主張對中國強硬的一派，事發（指釋放孟晚舟）之後已經提出指控，指責拜登政府容許孟晚舟歸國等於是對北京示弱」
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除In every one of her pictures she conveys a sense of immediacy
1如果照片是10年前的，但此時看照片有一種猶如現在發生的感覺，是不是就是 a sense of immediacy
The EU, which is supposed to provide most of the food needs, is being particularly niggardly
2is being niggardly 跟 is niggardly 在語意上的差別是 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除是
2
being加上進行狀態，表示EU「這個動作」很小氣。沒有being則是說EU「這個組織」很小氣
Deregulation of air traffic resulted in lower fares ...
回覆刪除請問老師，主詞後有介系詞片語修飾，怎麼沒有限定詞 the 呢?
要加the也行。因為deregulation是抽象名詞，採用零冠詞亦可
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除Subconsciously I had known that I would not be in personal danger.
Subconscious是 A subconscious feeling or action exists in or is influenced by your subconscious. 而且by your subconscious中的 subconscious是 mind that can influence you or affect your behaviour even though you are not aware of it. 既然是you are not aware of it，那麼原句中的Subconsciously I had "known"不就是自我予盾了嗎 ?
謝謝老師
就是「模模糊糊地」，不是很清楚理解
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除...the acres of newsprint devoted to celebrities' personal lives.
1the acres of newsprint應該是誇飾用法 ?
We've had a bit more money and that, and the baby doesn't do without.
2and the baby...為何不是but the baby (因為前後兩個句子是相反的情況)
1
刪除是
2
the baby doesn't do without應該是the baby doesn't do without money的意思，那和上文we have money並無相反？
老師您好
回覆刪除There was a risk that genuine refugees are returned to ….
1 was a risk是過去式，但不管任何時候(現在、過去、未來)，難民都會及遺返，所以refugees are returned就用簡單現在式，不知這樣的理解是正確 ?
To use a well-worn cliche, it is packed with information.
2To use...是什麼的簡化 ? (看不出來前後兩個句子有什麼關係)
謝謝老師
1
刪除那是把有可能發生的事情當作事實來敘述。也可以說that genuine refugees would be returned to...
2
句型類似To speak frankly, To be honest, To tell the truth等等，可以還原為If one can use a well-worn cliche
老師好，我追問零冠詞的問題：
回覆刪除Deregulation of air traffic resulted in lower fares ...
您說抽象名詞可以用零冠詞，但我不解的是，零冠詞表示沒有限定，但這裡的名詞後面明明有介系詞片語限定範圍，何以這還構不成限定的條件呢？謝謝。
要加the也行，不加the就是不刻意點出來
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除Politics has always been a cathartic exercise for Biden, a form of exuberant self-expression. It’s as if he has to prove to himself he’s still alive, and this is the only way he knows. “Purpose,” he says. “That’s how I got through it. I lost my wife and daughter; that’s how I got through it. When they told me Beau didn’t have a chance of making it, that’s how I got through it. You’ve got to have purpose.”
1不了解purpose跟Politics has always been a cathartic exercise for Biden的關聯性 ?
Chambers' voice droned, maddening as an insect around his head.
2Chambers' 應該改成Chamber's(人名)?
3maddening ...=while maddening because an insect..
謝謝老師
1
刪除purpose表示人生要有目標，而politics就是他的目標
2
名字就是Chambers，所有格可以寫成Chambers's，但是也可以不加s
3
The voice droned, while it was maddening like an insect...
作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除老師您好
回覆刪除When we’re wedded to specific narratives of how feminists should act, it can be all too easy to disregard humanity. But feminism, at least the tradition I follow, makes space for redemption too. Only Bryant’s accuser can decide if she forgives him, and it’s not our place to do that work publicly on her behalf. What we can do is complicate these conversations so we can usher in more honesty about who’s elevated in the aftermath of a sexual assault and how fame and money insulate perpetrators from being brought to account. We can do this while still acknowledging that Bryant didn’t deserve to die in such a manner at such an age and that the people who loved him are grieving.
1 it can be all too easy to disregard humanity的意思是 ?
2上句的it是to disregard humanity
3What we can do is complicate these conversations so we can usher in more honesty about...conversations中的so we can...的意思我懂，但what we can do...conversations這一句我看了好幾次都不了解為什麼這一句為導致so we can...的結果 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除「太容易會忽略人性」，追求女權也不能違反人性
2
是
3
關於案情的討論容易流於簡單化，所以我們可以帶入一些相關的話題使討論比較深入
老師您好
回覆刪除It has become a gathering place for Bryant’s legions of fans, who come bearing jerseys and balls much the way Buckingham Palace overflowed with flowers following the death of Princess Diana.
１為什麼fans之後要加逗點，有加跟沒加有什麼樣的不同 ?
2...a spectacle which has critics world-wide reaching for superlatives.
意思是:一場盛大的表演讓全世界的評論者作出非常好的評價 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除fans後面的逗點與句尾的句點構成一組括弧，括弧內的部分因而成為可有可無的補充說明。若無逗點，後面的who子句則成為具有指出「哪一種fans」的功能
2
a spectacle which makes critics around the world try to find the most powerful praises for it
老師您好
回覆刪除In Nigeria, one civic group's anti-ban petition highlighted its impact on U.S. citizens with family there; nearly 8,000 immigrant visas went to Nigerians in fiscal year 2018. And rights groups expressed concern for potential immigrant from Myanmar, where the Rohingya Muslim minority faces persecution. But Trump's base tends to respond well to hard-line immigration policy--so as the 2020 race continues, the reaction that politicians hear may come from closer to home.
the reaction that politicians hear may come from closer to home.是在暗示共和黨還是會聽選民的，不會理會其他國家的難民(far from home) ?
謝謝老師
老師您好
回覆刪除"If we hadn't reversed the failed economic policies of the previous Administration, the world would not now be witnessing this great economic success," Trump told the chamber, eliciting groans from Democrats. The speech could mark the start of Trump's postimpeachment comeback. But that may require staying on script.
1But that may require staying on script.的意思是 ?
2But that may require...的that 是he start of Trump's postimpeachment comeback?
謝謝老師
1
刪除演員按照既定劇本演出，暗示川普聽從幕僚的建議
2
是
Hi 老師,
回覆刪除在這一週的time立解中，有一段是這樣的
Because if we need a lodestar for how to live and work and serve others, we could ask for no greater example than the trailblazer from the South Bronx who taught us to embrace our duty to each other—as neighbors, as Americans and as fellow human beings.
請問開頭的because if 在文法上面應該怎麼說明比較合理？看起來像是兩個連接詞在一起
謝謝老師
這是比較口語化的做法。because是從屬連接詞，應該連接兩個子句。本文上一句話是結果（主要子句），because後面是表示原因的副詞子句，本來應該打個逗點寫在一起才對，這裏選擇用句點斷開。這種情況和把And放在句首的用法一樣：可以接受，但不是太正式。
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除For a gay 38-year-old former mayor of a midsize city and a 78-year-old democratic socialist to emerge on top in Des Moines is a sign of how far the party has to go to settle the battle for its future
1 主詞是a gay 38-year-old former mayor及a 78-year-old democratic socialist ，為何動詞用is?
2For a gay的For 是因為的意思?
3how far the party has to go表示還有很長的路要走 ?
4to emerge on top是修飾mayor及socialist ?
When self-esteem is high, we lose our mortal fear of jealousy
5不了解self-esteem與fear of jealousy的關係 ?
謝謝老師
1, 2, 4
刪除可還原為名詞子句如下：
That a gay 38-year-old former mayor of a midsize city and a 78-year-old democratic socialist should emerge on top in Des Moines is a sign ...。
that子句的主詞是那兩個人，that子句減化為for these two people to do something之後成為不定詞片語（for these two people修飾後面的to do something），這個不定詞片語當主詞時還是單數
3
是
5
原文不是很清楚，因為jealousy有兩個方向，是哪一個並沒有說明。如果是we being jealous of others比較好解釋：自視甚高，自然不會再嫉妒別人。
老師在字彙書P467裡面，把prestige拆解為pre/sti/ge，詮釋為before/stand/(n.)。
回覆刪除可是我在其他地方查到，prestige拆解為pre/stige，詮釋為before/tighten。
請問老師，stige解釋為stand還是tighten比較好？
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/prestige
https://www.etymonline.com/word/prestigious#etymonline_v_19468
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/prestige
你查的構造沒有錯，只是比較不容易聯想prestige的意思。若拆解為before/stand/(n.)，比較容易記住單字的意思。
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除In Nigeria, one civic group's anti-ban petition highlighted its impact on U.S. citizens with family there; nearly 8,000 immigrant visas went to Nigerians in fiscal year 2018. And rights groups expressed concern for potential immigrant from Myanmar, where the Rohingya Muslim minority faces persecution. But Trump's base tends to respond well to hard-line immigration policy--so as the 2020 race continues, the reaction that politicians hear may come from closer to home.
1 the reaction that politicians hear may come from closer to home.是在暗示共和黨還是會聽選民的，不會理會其他國家的難民(far from home) ?
At first his jealousy only showed in small ways–he didn't mind me talking to other guys
2 既然他不會介意她跟其它男人說話，怎麼會說his jealousy only showed in small ways (不介意怎會有 jealousy)
謝謝老師
1
刪除是
2
意思是一開始醋勁還沒那麼強，女友和別的男人聊天還可以忍受。his jealousy only showed in small ways意思是「不會大爆發」
The quality of the bracelet, as evidenced by the workmanship, is exceptional.
回覆刪除請問老師 as 那部份是從 as the quality that is evidenced ... 簡化而來的嗎?
這樣的用法是一般人所說的準關係代名詞嗎?
謝謝。
還原為副詞子句as it is evidenced by...，成為as evidenced by...是副詞子句減化。若變成as is evidenced by...就是一般文法所稱的準關代。
刪除作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除請問老師如何看待phonics和音標？
回覆刪除如果要學習標準的英文發音，應該學習phonics，還是學習音標？
其實都可以，看個人習慣。
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除Incredibly, he left out the most obvious response,i.e., shoot down a airliner ....
1為何可以用shoot down ?而不是用shooting down ? 不知差別是 ?
2He's modest, as well as being a great player跟He's modest, as well as a great player.的差別是?
謝謝老師
1
刪除這裏的原形動詞視為沒有to的不定詞看待，用原形動詞來表示一種尚未實現的假想情況
2
modest是形容詞，和名詞片語a great player不對稱，being a great player現在分詞片語也是形容詞
老師您好
回覆刪除Teachers should be paid as the professionals they are, instead of having to work at second or third jobs to make ends meet
as the professionals they are是有省略什麼字嗎?(改成as the professionals are就比較好理解?)
謝謝老師
as the professionals "that" they are，關係子句省掉關係代名詞that。若寫成as the professionals are，那是把老師當作不是professionals。原文的意思則是：老師既然是professionals，就該領professionals的待遇
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除His experiences resonate powerfully with me, living, as I do, in a similar family situation.
1 living, as I do, in a similar family situation.可還原為as I am living in a similar family situation，那為何原句as I do不改成as I am?
2as=because ?
Knowing him as I do, I can't believe he would do such a thing.
3Knowing him as I do可還原as I know him ?（不可能是as i am knowing him, 因為know沒有進行式?)
謝謝老師
1
刪除as I do意思是as I live...。變成living改為分詞構句的結果。
2
as就是「如，像」
3
還原為Because I know him as I know him，前面減化為分詞構句，後面用do取代，就成為knowing him as I do
老師您好
回覆刪除The flat was really very nice, but compared with what we'd been used to, it was a terrible letdown.
1what we'd been used to的時間要比The flat was really very nice更早，所以要用過去完成式。但是否要改成what we had used to才是正確的 (因為used to表過去的習慣，而原句的寫法be used to 表現在的習慣) ?
The sense of letdown today is all the greater because in the past doctors have been over-confident about these treatments.
2in the past不宜去掉，因為這樣才能清楚的得知have been over-confident 是不包含現在這個點 (in the past去掉，則have been over-confident 包含現在這個點及現在這個點之前的過去時間) ?
Teachers should be paid as the professionals they are, instead of having to work at second or third jobs to make ends meet
3as有表示身分的意味?
4Teachers should be paid as the professionals(that) they are
that關係代名詞可以改成who嗎 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除就是what we had been used to，動詞had been表示時間是在the flat was之前，used則只是個形容詞補語，相當於accustomed
2
正確
3
有
4
可以
英文字彙P518，老師把judge拆解為jud/ge，詮釋為right/(v.)。
回覆刪除可是我在其他地方查到，judge拆解為ju/dge，ju/dic，詮釋為right/speak。
請問老師，judge後半部分dge是否是字根dict，詮釋為speak？老師的拆解和查詢到的主流字典不同，很困惑，不知道怎麼辦。
https://www.lexico.com/definition/judge
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/judge
https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=judge
OED
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman jug, jugge, jugie, juggie, Anglo-Norman and Middle French juge (French juge ) adjudicator, arbitrator (c1170), public official responsible for administering justice (1174), (in ancient Israel) officer invested with temporary authority (second half of the 12th cent.), God or Christ considered as a supreme arbiter or adjudicator (1212 or earlier), person who or thing which makes a judgement, determines, or decides anything in question (late 13th cent.), umpire (c1510), ultimately < classical Latin iūdic- , iūdex individual appointed to decide a case at law, person appointed to adjudicate in a contest, umpire, critic, assessor, person who decides an issue, in post-classical Latin also (in ancient Israel) officer invested with temporary authority (Vulgate, after Hebrew šōpēṭ: see below), God as judge (6th cent.) < iūs right, law (see jure n.) + -dicus speaking (see -dical comb. form).
The form of the French noun cannot show regular development from the ulterior Latin etymon, and is either < an unattested post-classical Latin form *iudicus ( < the classical Latin oblique stem iūdic- , after masculine nouns in -us ), or is perhaps influenced by the French verb juger , jugier judge v. (although this explanation does not resolve all difficulties). Compare Old Occitan jutge (12th cent.), Catalan jutge (13th cent.), and also Spanish juez (early 12th cent.), Portuguese juiz (13th cent.), Italian giudice (a1294).
Compare earlier deemer n., doomer n., and also dempster n.
Specific senses.
In sense 2a after Hebrew šōpēt (in ancient Israelite history) any of a series of individuals recognized as holding temporary authority over the Israelites, frequently as military leaders in time of war, specific use of šōpēt judge (see suffete n.).
In the Book of (the) Judges at sense 2b after post-classical Latin Liber Iudicum, Hebraice Sophetim ‘the Book of Judges, in Hebrew “Sophetim”’ (Vulgate), itself after the Hebrew title of the book, Šōpĕṭīm, plural of šōpēṭ judge (see suffete n.). Compare Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French, French livre des Juges (end of the 13th cent. or earlier).
In sense 6 after the specific use in sense ‘rook’ of post-classical Latin justitiarius justiciary n.2 (in this sense, 13th cent. in Quaedam moralitas de scaccario, a sermon in the form of a treatise on chess (mistakenly attributed to Pope Innocent III) which was very popular in the Middle Ages and Renaissance and was the source for Fitzherbert's discussion of chess).
Early uses as surname.
Apparently attested earlier in surnames, e.g. Walterus Iugge (1210), Ad. le Jugge (1309), although it is unclear whether these reflect currency of the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word.
應該以字典為準。
刪除作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除英文字彙P526，老師認為albeit是副詞，可是我查到這個字是連接詞。
回覆刪除請問：
1.請問albeit是副詞還是連接詞？
2.例句The nation is moving, albeit slowly, toward a true democracy.，是否還原為：The nation is moving, albeit(把albeit視為連接詞) "it is moving" slowly, toward a true democracy.？
albeit原本是連接詞，同義字是although，你在2中說的沒錯。不過albeit後面只能接沒有主詞動詞的省略句如albeit slowly，完整的句子albeit it is moving slowly反而是不正確的用法，所以它按照實際用法來看，只能接副詞或形容詞補語，不能接子句，因而是當作副詞使用。
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除Knowing him as I do, I can't believe he would do such a thing.
１Knowing him as I do可還原Because I know him as I know him ，意思是:因為我對他有了解，以及如我對他的了解 ?
No crisis is too deadly that they can't take a time-out to promote ...
=Crisis is too deadly that they can take a time-out to promote ...?
如果上述的等式相等，那麼中文(依原句) 沒有crisis 是deadly的，以致於他們不能take a time-out... 感覺翻成中文又跟Crisis is too deadly that they can take a time-out to promote ...意思又不同，不知出了什問題 ？
謝謝老師
1
刪除因為我對他具有如此的了解…
2
No crisis is so deadly that they can't take a time-out...
= No crisis is too deadly for them to take a time-out...
老師您好
回覆刪除A has amassed more power than any leader since B. A has leveraged economic clout to forward ambitions at home and abroad but also has struggled as no previous leader .
1...than any leader since B. 為何不用than any "other" leader ?
2從A...B這一句子中，就amass power 來講，是A比B多還是A與B相等 ?
3not only but also 是一組，為何原句只有but also ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除如果any leader since B也包括A在內，那麼應該說any other leader比較清楚。
2
仍是A不及B。
3
重點是對等連接詞but。至於not only是副詞，沒有只是較不清楚，並不算錯。
老師您好
回覆刪除A has amassed more power than any leader since B.
1就amass power 來講，為什麼仍是A不及B?(any other leader 或any leader中的leader都有含B，而且句子又是比較級，應該 A大於B )
Knowing him as I do, I can't believe he would do such a thing.
2 Knowing him as I do可還原Because I know him as I know him， (因為我對他具有如此的了解…). as是如、像的意思嗎 ?
Where we have an effective vaccine, we must move from an expensive reactive response to a proactive one, vaccinating frontline workers to ensure the first line of defense is not paralyzed
3 Where在這at a place where的省略嗎 ? (而且這邊的where也沒有明確指哪裡?)
4 vaccinating...是a proactive one which vaccinates... ?
Moderna's idea is to load its coronavirus vaccine with mRNA that codes for coronavirus proteins that scientists have identified as most likely to trigger alarms for the human immune system.
５mRNA that codes for coronavirus proteins 的意思是?
謝謝老師
1
刪除如果說某人是the greatest teacher since Confucius，那就是不能把Confucius算進去
2
是
3
這個where用得有點勉強，應該是wherever比較好
4
分詞構句，還原為副詞子句as we vaccinate frontline workers...
5
mRNA含有code可以製造病毒的蛋白質，用來刺激免疫反應
老師您好
回覆刪除Teachers should be paid as the professionals (who )they are
as有表身分、資格的意思，那麼(who )they are是不是多餘的，還是(who )they are有什麼特別的作用，不然的話，感覺原句還滿wordy的
謝謝老師
意思是Teachers should be paid as professionals since they are really professionals.
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除1 He seemed to be having a midlife crisis跟He seemed to have a midlife crisis 在語意上有何不同 ?
Where we have an effective vaccine, we must move from an expensive reactive response to a proactive one, vaccinating frontline workers to ensure the first line of defense is not paralyzed
2 vaccinating=as we vaccinate frontline workers... 中的as 是"像是，如同、例如"的意思 ?
3Where老師說wherever比較好。where= a place which... 而wherever 也是in any place that 感覺兩者意思差不多 ?
Moderna's idea is to load its coronavirus vaccine with mRNA that codes for coronavirus proteins that scientists have identified as most likely to trigger alarms for the human immune system.
4 mRNA that codes for coronavirus proteins 的codes =mRNA that marks coronavirus proteins with a symbol so that coronavirus proteins can be identified ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除前者是「似乎正在經歷…」，後者是「好像有…」
2
as比較接近while，「當…時」
3
wherever帶有「條件」的味道，where則只是「地方」
4
= that gives orders for the manufacture of coronavirus proteins...
老師您好
回覆刪除We must not shrink from the legitimate use of force if we are to remain credible
1we are to remain credible及we remain credible的差別在於前都是未來式，後者是現在式。若兩者前面都加上if，不知語意有何不同?
２原句的if為什麼可接末來式? (通常if+現在式)
Music is a human language that we manipulate, but it's also true to the laws of physics. It gives our individuated consciousness--the prison of the self--the slip
3不了解music 跟 the laws of physics有什麼關係?
The authorities proved unyielding on one crucial opposition demand.
4指政府當局對於與其不同立場的需求 態度強硬?
謝謝老師
1
刪除if we are to remain credible 暗示 in the future。
2
不能說if we will remain credible，但可以說if we are to...。重點不在未來式，而是不宜使用語氣助動詞（包括will）的不確定語氣，因為if是「假設為真」，後面就不能再用不確定語氣。
3
意思是說它仍要遵守一定的規則。
4
opposition在此指「反對黨」，one crucial opposition demand「反對黨一項重大的要求」，政府不肯讓步。
老師您好
回覆刪除Little boys watching it may learn to see female empowerment in a different light than previous generations of men
1Little boys看事情的觀點與previous generations of men不同。我的問題是: than前面找不到比較級，原句是否要改成in a more different light ?
What ruins it is an extremely reality TV climax in which each participant decides at the altar--in painstakingly selected bridal wear and in front of as many friends and family as are willing to indulge them--whether they're really going to marry someone they've known for only five weeks.
2在...as are willing to indulge them中, as及are 中間是不是省略了主詞之類的字 ?(若是省略主詞，這個主詞好像也沒說是誰 )
3to indulge them中 的them是指誰?
We must not shrink from the legitimate use of force if we are to remain credible
4We must not shrink from the legitimate use of force時間是未來還是現在，要視文章上下文來判斷?
謝謝老師
1
刪除正式的搭配應該是different...from，但美國人經常使用different...than，不很正式但可以接受
2
一般文法書稱這個as為準關係代名詞，代表的是many friends and family
3
是each participant。嚴格要求之下也有問題：each participant是單數、them是複數，並不一致
4
本句的時間就是現在：現在該動武就要動武，將來才有威信
Dear 老師
回覆刪除我在本期的time雜誌中看到一句
People are looking to find more meaning in not only their romantic partnerships but also in their independent lives.
我的疑問是 句中有 not only A but also B
那為什麼不是 ...meaning in not only their romantic partnerships but also their independent lives.
in not only A but also B. 這樣的平行對稱？
不太確定in擺放的位置與數量應該怎麼評估比較不會錯
謝謝老師
原句有錯，你的改法才符合對稱要求
刪除老師之前說過，單字tolerate裡面的字根tol來自單字toil，表示bear。
回覆刪除可是我查到，單字tolerate的字根tol表示bear，單字toil的字根toil好像不是表示bear。
字典裡面的解釋看得不太懂，還請老師幫忙看一下，單字tolerate的字根和單字toil的字根是否一樣？
OED裡面的解釋
tolerate, v.
Etymology: < French tolérer (15th cent. in Godefroy Compl.), < Latin tolerāre to bear, endure: see -ate suffix3.
toil, n.1
Etymology: Partly (i) < Anglo-Norman toil, toyl, toylle (compare Old French tooil , toeil , toel , Old French, Middle French touel , touil , tueil , Middle French touail , toueil , touil , toul , tuail ) battle, mêlée, massacre, trouble, confusion (late 12th cent.), argument, quarrel (c1250 or earlier), conflict, strife, fighting (end of the 13th cent. or earlier; < toiller , toillier , etc. toil v.1),
and partly (in later use) (ii) < toil v.1
Compare tuilyie n.
toil, n.2
Etymology: < Middle French toile hunting net (although first attested slightly later than in English: 1530 in Palsgrave; frequently in plural; French toile ), specific sense development of toile web (c1275 in Old French, with reference to a spider's web), cloth (see toile n.1).
Compare Old Occitan tela (13th cent. in this sense).
toil, v.1
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman toiler, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French toillier, Anglo-Norman and Middle French toiller (also Old French toelier , toeillier , tooillier , tuillier , Old French, Middle French toellier , Middle French toueillier , touillier , touellier ; French touiller , now chiefly regional) to wallow (late 12th cent., reflexive), to drag or pull (a person) through mud (late 12th cent.), to stir (something) (c1200), to make (something) dirty (end of the 13th cent. or earlier), to dispute, quarrel, argue (end of the 13th cent. or earlier), to work hard (last quarter of the 14th cent., reflexive, rare), to trouble (a person's brain) (first half of the 15th cent.), ultimately < classical Latin tudiculāre tudiculate v.
The senses at Branch II. appear largely to show developments within English.
Compare toly v., tuilyie v.
Early modern orthoepists record variation of the diphthong between the reflexes of Middle English oi and ui (see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §255). Such variation is also suggested by early modern rhymes (Dryden, for instance, rhymes toils and smiles ), although such rhymes are rare before the mid 17th cent.
The Middle English form twille perhaps reflects shift of the stress from the first to the second element of the diphthong.
Scots spellings in ti- , ty- reflect the merger of the reflexes of Middle English ui and Middle English ī .
The Scots diphthongal forms with -ou- , -ow- are difficult to explain. They probably show the reflex of monophthongized northern Middle English forms with long open ō (compare E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §261 note 3) after the further development of a back glide before l ; compare the Scots forms at roll v.2
In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix).
字根其實是不一樣，但因為tol和toil字形接近，用toil來聯想比較好記。
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除He'll say anything to anybody to get the key players to sign off on a deal for Trump, whether or not it's built to last
1 say anything to anybody的意思是 ? (看不出來say anything to anybody跟 to get the key players有什麼關係)
2 to get..=in order to get .. ?
Extraordinarily, the favorites for the title lie at the bottom of the table
3有一疊資料，想要的資料是在這一疊資料的下層 (跟桌子的表面貼近)?
The response of external powers has been to inflict further injuries...
4has been to inflict 跟 has inflicted 在語意上有何不同?
The alternative is that Syria stands as an infamous new reference point for the brutality and destruction that it is possible to inflict with impunity upon a civilian population--and it will fall on the already loaded shoulders of the next generation to rebuild a shattered international system
5通常so...that是一組，that it is possible的that 是什麼(例如通常so...that是一組，從原句看不出來that要跟什麼配對; 而且that看起來也不是關系代名詞之類的)，
NATO plans to curtail the number of troops being sent to the region
6有being跟沒being在本句的差別是 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除就是為了達成目的，不管是要找什麼人說什麼話，他都願意幹。
2
是
3
看來是放在桌子的最下層。
4
has been to V「反應是要做」
has inflicted「回應已經做出」
5
that是關係代名詞，當作inflict的受詞，它的先行詞是the brutality and destruction
6
being sent是「正在送去」，sent是「已經送到」
Hi 老師,
回覆刪除我在time上面看到一句話
Kim Potter, who reportedly meant to use a Taser but fired her pistol, faces a charge in a trial.
我可以大致理解該人最後選擇開槍且要面臨一個審判
如果把關係代名詞放回去
前面一句我的理解是
Kim Potter reportedly meant to use a Taser.
但我想reportedly meant應該怎麼理解比較好？
如果是據稱或者據報導，那主詞應該是Kim Potter嗎？
句型是：Kim Pottyer(S) "according to some report" meant(V) to...(O).
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除I hustled some tickets from a magazine and off we went.
1 off we went.的意思是?
There, jobs have shifted from production and manufacturing to professional services, and the highest-paying ones can be some of the most resistant to the kind of training that college affords black Americans. One does not train for a job in, say, consulting the way one does for engineering. The soft-skills jobs that trade in relationships are difficult ones for black workers to break into. That makes entrepreneurship attractive to professional-class black people like those at the Black Wall Street event.
2 the highest-paying ones...black Americans意思是:黑人在大學所受的專業訓練已無法滿足highest-paying ones的需求?
3 One does not train... for engineering意思是:consulting訓練的方式與engineering不同 ?
4 The soft-skills jobs that trade in relationships的意思是?
Jefferson reaffirmed the ideas expressed in the Declaration, whose meaning had long transcended its original purpose--announcing the break with Britain and the colonies' determination to form a new nation.
5 announcing...與reaffirmed the ideas的關係是同位格 ?
6 the break with Britain and the colonies' determination to form a new nation是 original purpose，那麼不加announcing是不是比較好 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除「我們出發了」。是We(S) went(V) off(C).的倒裝句。
2
是
3
是
4
例如推銷保險，靠的是人際關係，沒什麼硬技術。
5
announcing...「宣告脫離英國獨立」是its original purpose「獨立宣言原始的目的」的同位格
6
那是獨立「宣言」，原始目的正在於「宣告」獨立。
老師您好
回覆刪除EdBuild calculates that, annually, $23 billion more goes to districts serving at least 75% white students than to those with 25% or fewer, even though the total numbers of students are about equal.
1districts serving at least 75% white students所得到的錢減去to those with 25% or fewer,所得到的錢等於23 billion?
In some states, altering district lines requires amending the constitution, making better borders difficult to achieve. In others, parents are trying to secede from established districts into wealthy white enclaves that preserve tax revenues for themselves. Ultimately, school districts are choices about what children deserve.
2school districts are choices about what children deserve.的意思是 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除是
2
為人父母，都是認為自己孩子應該得到最好的。所以這句話的意思就是「選學區就是為孩子選擇最好的」。
老師您好
回覆刪除All around was bubbling a cacophony of voices.
1 a cacophony of voices是大聲、不好聽的聲音。而bubble是小聲的聲音。不知原句的表達(把cacophony 跟bubbling 放在一起用)會不會有抵觸 ?
We projected our fears onto her. As black people, we know what we’re facing. When you’ve seen the devil up close and you’ve seen what evil lurks out there, your instinct is to just say, “Turn into me and you’ll be O.K. I’ve made it this far.” But we’re robbing our children of their identities and their most authentic selves. Sometimes the fiercest fight is against the person in the mirror and how you were raised.
2 I’ve made it this far意思是把Turn into me and you’ll be O.K.這件事發揮到極致 ?
When we were clear with our loved ones that, in the same way we’re not going to be friends with people who assault their children or use racist language, we were not going to accept any discrimination or abuse toward the LGBTQ+ community, it really wasn’t that difficult for them.
3 we were clear with our loved ones是 we made a point understood by our loved ones ?
We love our child and would do anything to make sure she has the best possibilities to succeed in life, to have happiness and joy. We see that in Zaya.
4 to have happiness and joy=so that she could have happiness and joy?
5 to have happiness and joy前有逗點的用意是 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除cacophony暗示「雜亂」，不一定是大聲。bubbling暗示「持續冒出來」，不一是是小聲。
2
有因果關係：If you turn into me, you'll be OK. Look, I have made it this far. If you're just like me, you'll be able to make it, too.
3
是
4, 5
to have happiness and joy就是to succeed in life的意思，類似同位格的關係，所以中間打個逗點。
老師好
回覆刪除The conjunction of two blows--losing his job at the same time he lost his girlfriend--completely destroyed his will.
請問he lost his girlfriend是不是關係子句？這裡可以改寫成at the same time as he lost ... 嗎？
謝謝。
若還原為at the same time that(when) he lost his girlfriend就是關係子句。若還原為at the same time as he lost his girlfriend就是副詞子句，兩種解釋都通。
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除...a gradient of 1 in 3
1三分之一的坡度是什麼意思 ?
He defined a cynic as a blackguard whose faulty vision sees things as they are, not as they ought to be
2see things as they are, not as they ought to be 的意思 ?
Japan's Prime Minister-designate is completing his Cabinet today.
3 completing his Cabinet是指完成內閣的提名人選嗎?
Michael Jordan's flu game is famous for many reasons, yet Skylar Diggins-Smith's playing her entire 2018 season pregnant only led to her getting flak for taking the 2019 season off , because of postpartum depression, so she could return mentally and physically.
4 taking the 2019...的意思是:因為postpartum depression，所以才taking the 2019 season off。因為taking the 2019 season off ，所以she could return mentally and physically ?
5she could return mentally and physically.是不是意思比較不清楚，如果改成she could return mentally and physically well.會不會比較好？
謝謝老師
1
刪除就是33度角
2
看到的是事物的真相而非理想中的情況
3
也可能是內閣就職完畢
4
正確
5
是比較清楚，但原句比較簡潔：to return mentally就是to restore her mental condition
老師您好
回覆刪除Each side has strong points in its favor. The passion of those who see oppression today in this or that long-standing practice mirrors that of the 19th century’s fire-breathing abolitionists. Meanwhile, “equality of opportunity” has the advantage of taking account of natural differences. Equality in all things? We don’t need to watch the Super Bowl to dismiss it as fanciful.
1 We don’t need to watch the Super Bowl to dismiss it as fanciful的意思是?
... When Douglas accused Lincoln of being in favor of inter-racial marriage, Lincoln acknowledged that most of his white listeners opposed “amalgamation” with black people. (Running for office in a state that prohibited slavery but also discriminated against black people in innumerable ways, he could not dismiss that fact.)
Careless listeners then as now might conclude that Lincoln shared this “natural disgust.” But in fact, his explanation defends liberty for all and justifies equality as an ideal
2natural disgust是指most of his white listeners opposed “amalgamation” with black people?
3careless listeners之所以會有會錯意的情形，是因為Lincoln acknowledged that... (他們把acknowledged認為是supported) ?
From that equality can grow a new political future not only for those freed from slavery but also for those who were formerly masters. It might take generations to create that mutual respect, in which we are a nation of equal individuals, not a nation of fixed tribes, incapable of change. Lincoln brought his audience—people who may have been morally vicious, indifferent or even fanatically against slavery—together on the side of the founders. We today are only human, but they were too.
4We today are only human, but they were too.所要傳達的意思是
謝謝老師
1
刪除作者贊成「機會均等」、不贊成「一切平等」，因為人天生有強有弱、有智有愚。看Superbowl，裏面都是超級強人，會令人感慨「同樣是人，他們怎會那麼強，老天真不公平」
2
就是那種opposition：白人很自然會對「黑白聯姻」有反感
3
是
4
We are only human大致相當於「人非聖賢（孰能無過）」。今人如此，前人亦復如是。當時那批選民裏面也是良莠不齊。
老師您好
回覆刪除He did work which by rights should be done by someone else
1 should be是不是要改成should have been 比較好 ?
2 which 前面需要加逗點 ?(如果改成that就不需要加逗點)
By rights the Social Democrats ought to be the favorites in the election. But nothing looks less certain.
3 ought to be是現在非事實?
The judge enjoined Varityper from using the ad in any way
4 ad in any way=ad in any way, shape or form ?
..a trading empire, with interests that stretched from chemicals to sugar
5interests=things a empire enjoys doing?
Write, enclosing a cheque made payable to Cobuild Limited
6 enclosing...=before enclosing... ?
He defined a cynic as a blackguard whose faulty vision sees things as they are, not as they ought to be
7既然是faulty vision，怎麼會看到的是事物的真相而非理想中的情況?
謝謝老師
1
刪除可以用should have been done。用should be則表示「理論上，照道理說」，不受時間限制
2
不能加逗點，因為關係子句有指出「哪種工作」的功能，屬於restrictive usage，可以用which或that（若加逗點會變成nonrestrictive usage，意思不同，不能用that）
3
ought to屬於語氣助動詞，所以是conditional「條件語氣」，也就是不確定語氣
4
in any way修飾的不是ad而是using
5
things that contribute to the empire's gains。這裏的interests比較偏向「利益」
6
while enclosing...
7
語帶反諷：「是個混蛋，眼睛有毛病，只看到事實、看不到理想。」其實是說一般人都一廂情願、不顧事實而只有幻想。在一般人眼中，這種人就是混蛋、就是眼睛有毛病
老師您好
回覆刪除Why make a whole village prisoner if it was not to some nefarious purpose?
1why not 後面接原形動詞，所以why後面也 接原形動詞嗎
2it was ...的 was 簡單過去式 (有時看到非事實的句子，were常用was取代，所以我才想確認was在原句裡頭是否為簡單過去式)
Write, enclosing a cheque made payable to Cobuild Limited
3enclosing...=before enclosing... 會不會比較合理 . 因為不可能寫支票的同時(while)，又enclosing ?
He defined a cynic as a blackguard whose faulty vision sees things as they are, not as they ought to be
He did work which by rights should be done by someone else
He is not as brave as he should be
4上面三句的ought to be及should be意思同 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除why與why not同樣是省略句，例如Why not try this?可以還原為Why don't you try this?，用原形動詞try是因為疑問句前面有助動詞do。Why bother?可以還原為Why do you bother?，用原形動詞try也是因為疑問句前面有助動詞do。
2
從句意判斷，這是簡單過去式。正式的假設法非事實語氣，be動詞一律用were，但比較不正式的用法也容許用was，所以要搭配句意判斷。在本句中是「過去的事實，前提是有可能，所以當作是真的」，採用過去簡單式表達「事實」語氣。
3
寫的應該是信，不是支票。整個寫信的動作可以包含附加支票在內。
4
相同。should或ought to代表「責任、義務」時是屬於語氣助動詞的一般用法。
Flowers in this vase have been meticulously arranged.
回覆刪除請問老師此句主部有明確指示卻沒有用定冠詞，請問這是不是表示複數名詞就算有指示，the可加可不加呢？謝謝。
複數採用零冠詞，相當於all：all flowers in this vase和all the flowers in this vase都行。
刪除請問老師，既然other是後位限定詞，為何跟可數單數名詞並用必須再加上中位限定詞才行?好比說，不能只說other student。我以為限定詞加名詞已經滿足構成名詞片語的條件了。謝謝。
回覆刪除單數可數名詞必需要加中位限定詞才行。
刪除作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除At last the sobs ceased, to be replaced by sniffs
回覆刪除1為什麼這個句子要有逗點?不加逗點可以嗎?(If you cease to do something, you stop doing it. 感覺好像逗點一定要加，否則sobs ceased to be replaced就不合理了)
2 to be replaced可以變成which were replaced 嗎 (which的先行詞變成sobs)
The idea of Toni being in danger distresses him enormously.
3 The idea of Toni being in danger =The idea that Toni is in danger?
4原句為何要加being ?原句有加being及沒加 being對語意有何影響?
... the difference between foreign policy as presented to the public and foreign policy in actual practice
5 as presented 的as有"如" ，"像是"的意思。as presented=像是呈現給大眾的政策(老實說，我還是不理解中文的意思) ?
6 working technologies的working 是related to work 還是useful的意思?
謝謝老師
1
刪除不加可能造成讀者誤解為ceased to。另外，加上逗點成為「補充說明」的語氣，重點在於ceased。
2
可以。也可以還原為The sobs ceased, which would be replaced by...，這才導出to be...
3
is改為was
4
若只有Tony in danger感覺像個名詞片語（一個人）。Tony being in danger則是一句敘述（一件事），有主詞（Tony）、動詞（being）、補語（in danger）
5
foreign policy as (it is) presented to the public「像給民眾看的那種外交政策」，foreign policy in actual practice「實際使用的外交政策」
6
working technologies = technologies being used; technologies at work
An arrow is equipped with a hard tip, with which to penetrate its targets.
回覆刪除請問老師這句話的減化子句還原是 it can penetrate ... 嗎？
是。with which it can penetrate its targets
刪除This species of tomato is ...
回覆刪除請問老師這裡的 tomato 使用零冠詞卻沒有加複數，原因為何呢?謝謝。
這是把this species of（等於this kind of）當作限定詞使用
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除But we at TIME also see the project as a call to each of us for all that is yet to be done in the unfinished fight for equality, including in our own work.
for all =despite ?
1a call that is yet to be done ( that先行詞是a call ) ?
2that is yet to be done跟that has yet to be done的差別在於 前者強調call 未被做的事實，後者強調從過去至現在未被做?
As a political party they are trying to effect a change in the way that we think about our environment.
3in the way跟 in a way 在語意上有何不同?
4in the way that we think about our environment.＝how we think about our environment ?
The unemployed cannot withdraw their labor–they have no power.
５withdraw their labor的意思?
They protested that there was no place for a school of commerce in their hallowed halls of learning的意思?
"Your particles are just obeying their quantum mechanical marching orders," Greene says. "You have no ability to intercede in that quantum mechanical unfolding. None whatsoever."
But here's the thing about Greene, founder of the World Science Festival; host of multiple TV series on PBS; and the author of five books, including blockbuster The Elegant Universe and the just-released Until the End of Time: he says it all with such ebullience, such ingenuous enthusiasm, that if he told you the whole cold universe was ending tomorrow you'd roll with it the way he would--as just one more dramatic chapter in an extraordinary tale in which we all have a precious if fleeting role.
６as just one more...的意思是:that you'd roll with it the way he would as just one more....? 而as just one more的as是"成為什麼, 當作什麼"的意思
7 the whole cold universe was ending tomorrow=the whole cold universe would end tomorrow (非事實語氣) ? (是end這個動詞比較特別，可以用was (were ) ending的形式代替would end 嗎 ?
8 he says it all ...是指"Your particles一直到None whatsoever這一段話? (與say it all: completely express something without using words的意思有所區別)
謝謝老師
1
刪除for all that is yet to be done = for everything that is yet to be done。這裏的for all不作despite解釋。all是先行詞，後面的that是關係代名詞，關係子句修飾all
2
that is yet to be done就是that is still to be done，意思和that has yet to be done一樣，都是指未來。have to等於語氣助動詞must，和不定詞to同樣都表示不確定語氣
3
the way是先行詞。因為後面有關係子句指出是什麼way，所以要用定冠詞the才對
4
是。不過the way how感覺有點重複，一般都會改作the way that，或者省略掉how。也有些文法書主張the way後面不能接how
5
就是「罷工」
5.5
「他們主張：在神聖的學術殿堂中不該有『商學院』這樣的東西存在」
6
「你的做法會和他的做法完全一樣：把它當作…」
7
事實語氣是If he tells you the universe is ending tomorrow, you will roll with it，其中is ending在一般文法書中的說法是「現在進行式代替未來式」，適用於「排定、確定要發生但尚未發生的事」。寫為If he told you the universe was..., you would roll...，則是非事實語氣
8
是。和括弧中的say it all用法完全不同
請問老師
回覆刪除1. How did this all come about? all是限定詞嗎?怎麼不是在中位限定詞之前呢?
2. Business has fallen off badly. badly不是加強語氣的副詞嗎?怎麼能不放在動詞前面呢?
1
刪除看起來是副詞用法
2
動詞片語has fallen off在句尾，它後面的位置也是只能修飾動詞，所以夠清楚
老師您好
回覆刪除Far from healing Syria's wounds, the response of some external powers has been to inflict further injuries, bloodying their hands in the process
1 the response ... has been to 跟the response ... has inflicted... 在語意上有何不同 ?
2 bloodying...=so the response has bloodies.... ?
The alternative is that Syria stands as an infamous new reference point for the brutality and destruction that it is possible to inflict with impunity upon a civilian population...
3通常句子裡面so... that是一組。但本句中的 that it is possible的that是跟誰一組 ?
..the finest herd of beef cattle for two hundred miles.
4for two hundred miles在這的意思?
The conference encouraged black entrepreneurs to hustle in a way that white capital and consumers could understand
5in a way可以用the way取代嗎(在意思不變的情況下)
...that if he told you the whole cold universe was ending tomorrow you'd roll with it the way he would
6the way 可以用in a way取代嗎(在意思不變的情況下)
...the child who never had his need for attention and importance satisfied
7importance satisfied的意思是 ?
The most important period of economic expansion in the 20th century took place after World War II, and black workers had been deliberately excluded--they were routinely denied low interest loans...
8原句的語意應該是black workers had been deliberately excluded after World War II ? ( were excluded after World War II 跟had been excluded after World War II 有何差別)
9they were routinely denied...是簡單過去式，為何不是they had been routinely denied(因為lack workers had been deliberately excluded是過去完成式) ？
it cost less at first but resulted in more money being spent later
10being spent是正在花 ? 如果去掉being也不算錯，表已花掉 ?
謝謝老師
1, 2
刪除to inflict另有主詞（應該是foreign powers），所以後面分詞構句省掉的主詞也是foreign powers
3
that是關係代名詞，先行詞是the brutality and destruction（還原為單句是it is possible to inflict the brutality and destruction...）
4
畫出最高級的範圍：方圓兩百哩內最好的肉牛
5
改為the way，感覺好像白人只能懂一種辦法
6
the way暗示in the same way，改為in a way則沒有這種暗示
7
句型是to have(V) his need for A and B(O) satisfied(C)
8
用had been暗示「已經造成了後果」
9
因為有routinely「經常性地」，表示持續在發生
10
也可以
老師您好
回覆刪除1之前看到一個句子...his dual role as head of the party and head of state.
那麼這個句子...the department's dual role as overseer of oil production and safety是不是改成....the department's dual role as overseer of oil production and overseer of safety比較好
2上面兩個句子的dual role as 後面為何不加the (例如the head of ... and the head of ... 及the overseer... the overseer)
Far from healing Syria's wounds, the response of some external powers has been to inflict further injuries, bloodying their hands in the process
3可還原為 the response of some external powers has been (foreign powers) to inflict ... ?
The conference encouraged black entrepreneurs to hustle in a way that white capital and consumers could understand
4 in a way改為the way，則the way =in the same way ?
5...the child who never had his need for importance satisfied 的意思是?
The treaty provides that, by the end of the century, the United States must have removed its bases
6treaty有規定的事是千真萬確的，怎麼會用must have removed猜測的語氣，而且是現在的角度猜過去，應該要用will remove未來式才比較對?
The March galvanized what we now perhaps too blithely think of as the Civil Rights Act. The landmark legislation not only enshrined full back citizenship in the nation's governance...
7we blithely think of something as the Civil Rights Act 是在暗示something 根本不是the Civil Rights Act ?(因為blithe =lacking due consideration)
謝謝老師
1
刪除意思一樣。原句比較簡潔、你的改法比較清楚
2
例如Tsai Yingwen, President of Taiwan。後面的president是職稱，接上of Taiwan，這是同一時間只設一席的職位，可以等同專有名詞使用
3
還原為for foreign powers to ...
4
前提是white capital...只懂一種方法，才能使用in the way，但顯然不是這樣。如果說I acted in the way you did，那就是in the same way，指的就是「你的『那種』動作」，那就是只有一種（已經做過的那種）
5
小孩需要感覺自己很重要，但是一直得不到這種感覺
6
這裏的must不是猜測語氣，而是一般用法：「必需」。搭配完成式也不表示過去，而就是完成式：「已經做到」，因為時間副詞是by the end of the century「截至未來某時為止」，用must have removed就是未來完成式
7
就是the Civil Rights Act，加上too blithely是暗示這個法案「有名無實」，並不能真正保障人權
老師您好
回覆刪除The conference encouraged black entrepreneurs to hustle in a way that white capital and consumers could understand
1 in a way的in 可以省略嗎?(而且意思不變)
2 in a way改成in the way，就等於in the same way. 那我的問題是: in the way的in可以省略嗎，而且意思不變 ? (我會這麼想的原因是因為有一個句子...that if he told you the whole cold universe was ending tomorrow you'd roll with it the way he would在這個句子，the way=in the same way, 而且the way好像前面的in 省略了)
謝謝老師
1
刪除不可省略
2
in the way不等於in the same way，只等於in that way（有指出是什麼way，不一定指同樣的way）。但是in the way的in可以省略
老師好，I am interested in ... 這句的過去分詞不具備被動語態的含意，那麼就只剩下完成狀態的意思，但解釋成「已經興趣」又很奇怪，請問這種情況怎樣解釋才好呢？謝謝。
回覆刪除仍作「被動」解釋。這樣來看：
刪除The theory(S) interests me(O).
動詞interest可改為現在分詞interesting與過去分詞interested這兩種非限定動詞。修飾主詞就是主動的（現在分詞），如the story is interesting。修飾受詞就是被動的（過去分詞），如I am interested。但是interested被動的味道很淡，所以後面並不採用被動態專用的介系詞by，而要用in，如：I am interested in the story。句中的interested偏向形容詞的用法，不是真正的被動態。
老師您好
回覆刪除Usually, I am sensible with money, as I have to be, given that I don't earn that much.
1 as=in the same way, like.?
Jefferson, by dint of his family ties, was born at the top, and there would have been no reason to suspect that he would ever come to be associated with the idea of equality. This is especially so given that he was born into a slave society, and his family fully participated in the institution of slavery. From an early age, he would have understood what unequal status meant, with his lifelong involvement in the most extreme version of it as a slave owner. The equality of humankind was simply not an expectation in his world. Yet, as a young man inspired by the books he read, Jefferson began the process of questioning these hierarchies ....
2 there would have been no reason to suspect 是現在的角度猜過去?
3 This is especially so 的this 是指there would have been no reason to suspect‧‧‧?
4 This is especially so的is為什麼不用would have been ?
5 he would have understood 是現在的角度猜過去?
6 The equality of humankind was simply not an expectation in his world. 是總結Jefferson, by dint of his family ties...as a slave owner的結論。那我的問題是: Jefferson 曾說"all men are created equal". 而原句The equality of humankind was simply not‧‧‧是簡單過去式(表示他不贊同equality)，那麼不就跟"all men are created equal"有抵觸?
謝謝老師
1
刪除是，也有because的味道
2
是
3
是
4
這是this is true的味道，代表不變的事實
5
是
6
所以下文說到「年青時他受到閱讀的影響，開始質疑那些階級觀念」，然後就要導入他「人人生而平等」觀念的產生了
Apply the cream liberally to exposed areas every three hours and after swimming.
回覆刪除請問老師，我要拿受詞exposed areas來製造被動語態，可以寫成：
Exposed areas are applied the cream to ... 嗎?
有點勉強。原句是命令句語氣，你的改法變成事實語氣。動詞可改為should be applied the cream to（仍然有點勉強）。
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除she's an absolute raving lunatic.
1 absolute為什麼不改成absolutely(absolutely raving) ?
But this economic transformation did not happen in a vacuum. in the 1960s, white parents in Benton Harbor pushed for new school buildings in white neighborhoods that would have effectively segregated the district.
2 事實上new school buildings in white neighborhoods effectively segregated the district.可是原句為何用猜測語氣(現在的角度猜過去 )
3Now the murderer has two deaths on his conscience.的意思?
He could not afford luxury food on his pay
4 on=using ?
If an expense is tax-deductible, it can be paid out of the part of your income on which you do not pay tax
5out of =from ?
They pass on their cost of borrowing and add to it their profit margin.
6 add to it their profit margin.=they add their profit margin to it?(it指的是什麼?不清楚後半段句子的意 思?)
The March galvanized what we now perhaps too blithely think of as the Civil Rights Act. The landmark legislation not only enshrined full back citizenship in the nation's governance...
7too blithely是暗示這個法案「有名無實」，並不能真正保障人權。blithely =lacking due consideration, 我感覺不出來too blithely有這個暗示，煩請老師解釋?
謝謝老師
1
刪除absolute修飾的對象主要是名詞lunatic
2
不是猜測語氣，而是過去非事實語氣：那只是當時有些人push for的東西，並沒有實現。語氣是：當初若是實現，就會如何。
3
就是說此人手上有兩條人命案了（良心要受到兩條命案的譴責）
4
是
5
是
6
it的先行詞是cost。如果商家向銀行借了10元當本錢，要負擔利息（cost of borrowing）1元。所生產的商品售價訂在11元外加利潤（profit margin）。例如打算賺2元，售價就得訂在13元
7
blithely字面上是「快活地」，暗示「頭腦簡單、一廂情願」，就是「事情真相沒那麼樂觀」
老師您好
回覆刪除1 we commit his fame to posterity. 的意思是
She and Frank had never gotten around to opening a joint account.
2 to 後加v-ing是因為to是介詞? (不過感覺get around (in order )to do something好像也講得通?)
To capture his equity, Murphy must either sell or refinance.
3 不懂這句的意思(sell or refinance會跟capture his equity有什麼關係)
In 1835, tucked away in a treaty ceding Georgia Cherokee land to the U.S., the government agreed that the Cherokee people "shall be entitled to a delegate in the House of Representatives."
4依句意來說，tucked away的主詞好像不是the government，不知主詞是 ?
What would Hollywood be today if , six decades ago, the powers that be looked like us, and the people onscreen were given an opportunity to be seen in their totality ? That question became our compass, allowing us to tell a revisionist history of what we wished Hollywood could be, fully utilizing the platform's powers for good
5that be looked like us是有省略什麼嗎
6 Hollywood could be為非事實? (為何不是Hollywood could have been)
7 fully utilizing..=while allowing us to fully utilizing... ?
lack of education and hope are violence
8 are應該改成is ?
Benton Harbor pushed for new school buildings in white neighborhoods that would have effectively segregated the district.
9 effectively=used when you describe what the real result of a situation is?
1
刪除「他的名聲，託付給後人。」暗示他將很有名
2
是介系詞。字面上是「走到某處」
3
背景應該是房地產投資。equity capture意思是在投資中獲利。句子說的那個人貸款買了一塊房地產，如今可能付不出房貸了。要想賺錢，他可以把房子賣掉，也可以另外進行貸款
4
這個分詞構句的主詞是整個主要子句：「政府同意…」這句話
5
the powers (that be) looked like us「掌權者看起來和我們一樣」。其中that be是關係子句，相當於that exist。用原形動詞be是比較古老的用法
6
what we wished Hollywood could be其中could be的時間句we wished相同。如果說what we wished Hollywood could have been，其中could have been的時間在we wished之前。
7
while we fully utilize...
8
斷句可能有錯，請提供完整上下文
9
是。相當於in effect
老師您好
回覆刪除The coffee table is glass, to be as unobtrusive as possible.
1 to be..應該是in order to be.. ?在to前加逗點原因是 to be as unobtrusive as possible為補充資訊?
He was wishing (that) she would leave him alone.
2 wish比較常跟非事實連用。但本句的would應該是簡單過去式之未來?
I wish (that) she would be quiet and listen to me.
3 would為非事實語氣，意思是 to be willing?
4若改成she were quiet就沒有to be willing的意思，就是當下的狀況(她現在很吵)?
What would Hollywood be today if , six decades ago, the powers that be looked like us, and the people onscreen were given an opportunity to be seen in their totality ? That question became our compass, allowing us to tell a revisionist history of what we wished Hollywood could be, fully utilizing the platform's powers for good... And in grappling with that question, we found ourselves examining a culture that often overlooks the contributions and accomplishments of people of color...
5What would Hollywood...totality ?本句所表達的都是簡單 過去式，與非事實語氣無關? (可是實際上Hollywood也不是作者所想的那樣，感覺用非事實語氣比較好? )
King saw violence as not coming just from the barrel of a gun. Poverty is violence; unemployment is violence; lack of education and hope are violence
6 lack of education and hope are violence的are要改成is ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除是
2
但也有非事實語氣：actually she wouldn't do so
3
非事實語氣，暗示actually she wouldn't
4
是
5
what would Hollywood be today是現在時間非事實語氣，if子句應該採用的是過去時間非事實語氣：if the powers that be "had looked" like us...and the people "had been" given...。原句沒有清楚表達
6
意思是lack of education and lack of hope are violence
老師您好
回覆刪除He was wishing (that) she would leave him alone.
１若看成是非事實，則actually she wouldn't do so。 但will (現在式)及would(過去式)的意思是be willing to , 若原句看成是非事實，則would leave 是不是改成would have left 會不會比較好(因為was wishing是過去式)?
2 he wished 及he was wishing在語意上有何差別?
The day seemed as though it would never end.
3the day 根本不會無止境的繼續，所以原句改成would have never ended會不會比較好
The dog wagged its tail as if to say “Welcome back!”
4 to say感覺是in order to的意思，若to say改成saying也可以，就沒有in order to的意思。不知以上觀念是否正確 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除一般情況是這樣：
I wish I had more time. (Actually I don't.)
I wished I had had more time. (Actually I didn't.)
但是你問的那句因為有語氣助動詞would，所以變化和一般的情況不同。
He wished she would do something then. (Actually she wouldn't.)
He wished she would have done something earlier. (Actually she hadn't.)
2
就是狀態的差別：he was wishing是「當時他心裏『在』想的是什麼」。he wished則是「他有這種想法」
3
同樣是因為有語氣助動詞would存在，所以用法也不一樣
4
正確
老師您好
回覆刪除On a recent rainy morning in Charlotte, Lavi visited her aunt Shneila’s third-story walk-up so her mother could go to a doctor’s appointment. Shneila applied to at least six rental units before she found a landlord willing to accept her local housing subsidy. “Those two have compromised immune systems,” she says, pointing to two of her children, who were born prematurely. “I can’t bring them to a shelter,” she adds, too aware of how close she came. “We can’t be homeless.”
1 how close she came表示: 到了快要讓她的兩個小孩被安置到shelter的點了 ?
It was hard for him to be aware of her; he kept sinking back into black preoccupation.
2 black=sad ?
Digital life after death has raised ethical questions before, especially when figures have been used in ways that seemed out of keeping with their real inspirations. King isn’t the first person to be digitally reanimated, and he won’t be the last, so these questions will only become more common, says Jeremy Bailenson, founder of Stanford’s Virtual Human Interaction Lab. “What to do with one’s digital footprint over time has got to be a part of the conversation about one’s estate,” he says. “It is your estate; it is your digital legacy.”
3要將已死去的人digitally reanimated，那麼此人的mannerism 是不是也算是文章中的one’s estate ?
He wished she would do something then
４then的時間應該就是wished當下的時間?
謝謝老師
1
回覆刪除是。She came very close to bringing them to a shelter.
2
or gloomy
3
one's estate指的是某人留下的遺產，包括房地、財物。如果此人的mannerisms有經濟價值，也可以算是他的estate
4
是
老師您好
回覆刪除These changes couldn't have come at a better time.
1意思是這些改變來的正是時候(現在的角度猜過去; 至也有可能是現在的角度猜過去至今，看上下文而定) ?
Contemporary photographs are juxtaposed with a sixteenth century, copper Portuguese mirror
2 photographs及mirror是不同性質的東西，怎麼可以 juxtapose ?
The commonalities are striking, with both works adhering to Siqueiros' philosophy that in order to make truly radical art, artists must shed old practices and pioneer new methods.
3句中的that前面也沒有so 之類的字使其成為一組(so... that), 而且that看起來也不像是關係代名詞，不知如何解釋 ?
4with可以省略嗎(both works adhering to =because both works adhere to ...)
Such is the size of the problem that these arguments are purely academic.
5=The size of the problem is such that these arguments are purely academic ?
6原句把such移到最前面是為了要強調這個(有可能是假設性之類的)問題涉及層面很廣大?
How fortunate we are for Real Life(書名), another contribution from a community long deserving of the chance to tell its stories
７for是因為的意思?
謝謝老師