請問老師 １ Fortunately, the ball just missed the window. 這句的副詞看起來不是方法狀態的副詞，難道是分離副詞嗎？ ２ 不完全動詞後面若要接名詞補語，有的可以直接加，有的卻要由介系詞 like 引導，請問區別的方式是什麼？He became a soldier. He looked like a soldier. 謝謝。
1 是分離副詞 2 名詞補語要符合和主詞全等的要求。介系詞片語則只是形容詞類的修飾語，不必符合全等要求。例如： He is a good man. He looks like a good man (but isn't one). He looks l He looks like John's son.
老師您好 A dozen international coffee experts shuffle around a long wooden table, pausing at each steaming cup, heads dipping and sniffing deeply. 1 shuffle是 walk there without lifting feet properly off the ground，而pause是stop。如果pausing還原"while" they pause的話，意思就變成shuffle及pause兩個動作同時進行(應該是走完了之後，才會停下來才比較合理)，不知我的理解出了什問題?
His eyes are shadowed with profound decency one minute, and hollowed out in desperate calculation the next 2 eye shadow是眼影，原句His eyes are shadowed with profound decency依字面上的意思:他塗了 profound decency 之眼影 ?
transmuted from a shy youth into a sophisticated man about town 3 a sophisticated man about town的about 是concerning ? (與a book about ships的about相同意思)
He writes beautifully, as befits a poet 4 as可看成是which, 先行詞就是He writes beautifully ?
The main infection route for rural America is coming from cities, even smaller ones with fewer cases, as happened with Mangum and Tulsa. 5 as happened with就是固定用法 ? 不能用as happened in 接某個地方嗎 ? 6 happened 應該不是被動，是主動的簡單過去式 ? 謝謝老師
老師您好 Yet flirtation and flattery do not a power couple make. These two share an intense intellectual connection. 1 do not 怎麼不是are not (are not後接名詞a power)? do not後面應該接動詞，而不是名詞?
I'm a realist - I knew there was no way I could win, so I swam for a good finish, for points. 2 a good finish,的意思是 ?
He is now just an old man before his time. (He died in 1947, at age 48.) 3意思是:他太早死了 ?
He told the police that he had thought honestly about the ethics of what he was doing. 4 what he was doing的時間應該要比 had thought更早，改成what he had been doing/what he had done才對 ?
the economic fallout of the pandemic 5=the economic fallout from the pandemic
Milton's image was one of conservative stability. Salander fitted into this picture about as well as a buffalo at a boat show 6原句的as well as 應該不是 I want to visit Tom as well as Mary.中的as well as。而且第二個as是"像" 的意思，不知以上觀念是否正確? 7原句的about意思是 ? 謝謝老師
1 倒裝句，還原為：These do not make a power couple. 2 「好看的結果」：例如拿個第3、第4名，還可以得到一些積分 3 感覺像是說「未老先衰」 4 如果what he was doing是他一貫的做法，就可以用was 5 意思相同，用of比較好 6 正確 7 程度副詞：roughly, approximately
老師您好 A dozen international coffee experts shuffle around a long wooden table, pausing at each steaming cup, heads dipping and sniffing deeply. 1 pausing...可還原then they pause... (雖然then不能當連接詞，但shuffle及pause透過then來連結，就有走走停停的意思)
transmuted from a shy youth into a sophisticated man about town 2 man about town字面上的意思這個人把town都包圍了 ?
His eyes are shadowed with profound decency one minute, and hollowed out in desperate calculation the next 3 hollowed out 是把profound decency挖掉;而他的眼神現在以desperate calculation的方式來呈現 。不知以上解讀是否正確?
He told the police that he had thought honestly about the ethics of what he was doing. 4 what he was doing.可以表示他一貫的做法。那我的問題是: 表示過去習慣、一貫的做法，不是要用would (what he would do)表示? 還是不管現在或過去的習慣、一貫的做法，皆可用進行式來表示 ?
I hustled some tickets from a magazine and off we went. 5 off we went.的意思是離開，把off移到前面是要強調off這個字?
State officials said the court's ruling clears the way for proceedings to condemn buildings in the area. 6 proceedings=a series of events ? 謝謝老師
1 減化子句還原為副詞子句，還是需要一個連接詞 2 就是a man around town「在城裏很混得開的人」 3 因為在做desperate calculation而顯得眼神呆滯 4 what he was doing是事實語氣，表示當時真正在做。had thought則是「事先有考慮過」 5 是 6 「法律程序」
老師您好 Braced though they might've been for a bumpy year, broadcast and cable could never have anticipated what's befallen them since March. 1 braced...=though they might've been braced...? 把braced移到句首是為了要強調braced 這個字?以上觀念是否正確 ？
... streaming wars, implicit in which was the gradual exodus from traditional TV 2意思是: the gradual exodus from traditional TV was implicit in streaming wars ?
Some readers will recognize the writers being parodied; however, others will need to consult the notes. 3 the writers being parodied=that the writers are parodied ? 4 will是猜現在?
5 The natural images in the poem are meant to be suggestive of realities beyond themselves.的意思是 ?
Diesel's charm is like that of a big dog, loyal, protective, wary of strangers, given to jowls. 6 given to jowls的意思是:(長相、特徵)一向是jowls ?
She didn't acknowledge the negative impact of removing her child, not least of which is that her school is now deprived of funding for her child at a time when schools are struggling financially. 7 not least of which is that =particularly the negative impact of removing her child is that ? 謝謝老師
1 正確 2 是 3 the writers that are being parodied 4 是 5 例如詩中提到「夕陽」（一種natural image），用意可能是要暗示「結束、死亡」 6 長相具有「下巴寬大」的特色 7 one not insignificant example is that...
老師您好 They have been weighing options for a possible virtual convention 1 實體or虛擬會議，選項只有二選一，為什麼原句會用options複數 ?
The surface corrosion was worst where the paint had flaked off. 2 worst前面為什麼不加the (最高級) ?
If he spent any more time at the XXX offices, he'd be a desk! Being managing editor keeps him busy with many responsibilities, including editing and assigning stories. 3 If he spent ... desk所要傳達的意思是?
I don't want to leave, but I can't go on. 4 I can't go on.字面上是沒辦法繼續做什麼事，表要離開了 ?
5 No one's really smarter than the next person意思是: 一山比一山高?
At the height of the pandemic on April 7, two dozen people were dying every hour. 6 were dying指垂死的意思，dying是形容詞? 7die(動詞)在何種情境之下，有dying(V-ing)的形式? 謝謝老師
老師您好 These numbers are completely unsustainable going forward. 1 雖然going forward是未來，但are completely unsustainable現在式相較will be completely unsustainable 來講的話，are completely unsustainable語氣非常確定，故用現在式代替未來式，不知以上觀念是否正確?
More often than not, many people have chosen to ignore or wall off ugly, abusive behavior from professional competence. But those walls are increasing porous. Cruelty, deception and corruption inevitably leak through and taint the work and the lives of all those associated. 2 Cruelty, deception and corruption inevitably leak through the work and the lives of all those associated字面上的意思是:Cruelty, deception and corruption這些不好的東西充斥著工作及生活 ?
To be without Pearce would be a considerable blow.. 3 To be without Pearce可以改成being without Pearce, 而且意思不變 ?
"Looking at the balance sheet is first and foremost," says Loh," and then move on to growth prospects." After years of easy, set-it-and-forget-it stock gains, it looks like the fundamental analysis is set to make a big comeback. "A basic question is whether you feel comfortable that a company is going to be in business in the next couple of years." says Loh. 4 A basic question...所要傳達的意思是 ?
She gives the example of walking a dog that suddenly barks at a passerby. A quick look at an unmasked person's face will confirm whether the passerby is smiling because he thinks he's much better with his dog than you are or smiling because his dog is also occasionally silly 5 he's much better with his dog暗示：對方沒把自己的狗管好，很沒教養?
When he was thinking out a problem Tweed's habit was never to isolate himself in his room... 6 Tweed's habit...指的應該是過去的習慣，為何不用would never isolate.. ? 原句用was never to isolate過去之未來有何用意? 謝謝老師
1 可以這樣看。用are就是採取事實語氣，當做事實來看。 2 原句是個比喻：在工作與生活中建一堵牆隔開。但是一些醜陋的東西會滲透穿過牆壁（leak through）、污染工作與生活（taint the work and lives...） 3 可以，但to be假設語氣比較強 4 這裏說的是投資股市，主張要回歸基本面，也就是公司是否健全：基本問題是你認為這家公司兩年之後還會健在嗎？ 5 是 6 never to V就是he would never V的減化，意思相同
老師您好 A daily reminder of my mother's struggle to survive in a senior center rampant with the disease, of my daughter's forced return home from school when her university shuttered... The silver streaks on my head keeping these losses top of mind, literally. 1 keeping 為何不寫成keep ? 2 literally 在這所要表達的意思是?
You're rather gambling on it being a nice day by holding the party in the garden, aren't you? 3it=being on a nice day, 那麼it可以省略嗎 ?
A massive aid package pays people more than they would if they stayed employed (thanks to extra money for unemployment benefits) and makes everyone more insecure about the future. 4 ...pays people more than they would...中的they would是什麼意思? would 後有省略字嗎?
Funeral directors search for small symbolic steps to honor the deceased in rituals so anonymous and restrictive, they are no longer called wakes or visitations but rather identification ceremonies. 5 they are no longer 前面是省略that (so... that) ? 為何可省略?
6 rural heartland=a rural area in the heartland ? 謝謝老師
1 這裏選擇用不完整句：只是個名詞片語 2 頭頂的銀絲，「真正」（literally）就是在top of my mind（在頭頂上） 3 You are gambling on the fact that it is a nice day，名詞子句減化為it being a nice day，主詞it和主要子句you不同，需要留下來，不能省略 4 more than thay would (be paid) on the job 5 連接詞that是空的，經常被省略，如：in case (that), so (that) 6 感覺像是heartland of a rural area
例如： This room is longer than (it is) wide. 這是this room和它自己比，為法倒裝。但是： This room is bigger than is the one on Second Floor. 這是兩個不同的rooms在比較，才可以倒裝。倒裝是為了帶出「和誰比」，如果是和自己比，不能倒裝。
老師您好 A daily reminder of my mother's struggle to survive in a senior center rampant with the disease, of my daughter's forced return home from school when her university shuttered... The silver streaks on my head keeping these losses top of mind, literally. 1 The silver streaks on my head keeping ...=The silver streaks on my head which keeps these losses are top of mind, literally.?
She knows pretty well everything there is to know on the subject. 2 there is to know的意思是?
He pictured Claire sitting out in the car, waiting for him... 3 sitting out應該不是sit something out (to wait for an event to finish) , 那原句sitting out的意思是 ?
Share prices would have sunk–hurting small and big investors... 4 投資者確實受到傷害(事實語氣)，造成傷害的原因可能是股價下跌(猜測語氣)。原句可以這樣理解嗎?
If something lets you down, it is the reason you are not as successful as you could have been. 5 you could have been過去非事實可以改為現在非事實you could be嗎?
Let's look at a hypothetical situation in which Carol, a recovering cocaine addict, gets invited to a party. 6 用gets‧‧‧ 表示當真，如用got, 表示非事實語氣。用gets 或got 都可以，不知以上觀念是否正確 ? 謝謝老師
1 這是把句子減化為一個名詞片語，屬於不完整句，可還原為： The silver streaks on my head (S) kept (V) these losses (O) top of my head (C), literally. 2 分為兩句來看： She knows everything. There is something to know. 製造關係子句：everything是先行詞，something改為關係代名詞that，成為複句： She knows everything that there is to know. 再省掉關係代名詞that。 3 這裏就是單純的sitting ouside, in the car 4 Share prices would have sunk可能是猜測語氣，也可能是非事實語氣，還要看上文才知道。但是hurting investors是建立在Share prices actually sank的前提之下才會引發的後果 5 could have been是建立在something didn't let you down的前提之下，而那個前提是假的，所以要用非事實。could have been會比較好 6 上文是「當真」的語氣，所以這裏用got的話，感覺像是「過去時間事實語氣」
我可以理解「現在分詞Ving視為形容詞」，比如：The coin remained spinning after a full minute.，spinning是形容詞做補語。
我不知道如何理解「現在分詞片語having Ven視為形容詞片語」，比如新版文法書P516例句： Anyone [that has visited Bali once] will want to return. Anyone [having visited Bali once] will want to return. 請問，如何把現在分詞片語having visited Bali once視為形容詞片語？理解為：Anyone [that is having visited Bali once]嗎？如果理解為：be動詞is後面的現在分詞片語having visited Bali once視為形容詞片語，is having visited豈非文法錯誤？
老師您好 A daily reminder of my mother's struggle to survive in a senior center rampant with the disease, of my daughter's forced return home from school when her university shuttered... The silver streaks on my head keeping these losses top of mind, literally. 1 The silver streaks on my head keeping ...=The silver streaks on my head (S) kept (V) these losses (O) top of my head (C), literally. 那麼 literally 在這的意思應該是:these losses 真正(literally)在我的腦中 ?
Share prices would have sunk–hurting small and big investors... 2 hurting investors是建立在Share prices actually sank的前提之下才會引發的後果。那麼 Share prices would have sunk視為猜測語氣的話，會不會跟Share prices actually sank事實語氣有抵觸? 不知本句的語意要如何理解?
Can you guess where American President Theodore Roosevelt's surname came from? From the old Dutch name Van Roseveld, meaning "of the rose field." 3 of the rose field為什麼要多of? 省略可以嗎?
We still have some outstanding issues to resolve before we'll have a treaty that is ready to sign. 4 before we'll have... 跟 before we have...在語意上是相同的嗎?
The country has confirmed almost 18,000 deaths as of May 19, with a record 1,179 dying in the preceding 24 hours. 5 preceding 24 hours是5月18日 ? 謝謝老師
1 白髮（silver streaks）真正是在頭頂上（on my head）。象徵各種煩惱真正是top of my mind 2 後面hurting...是表示結果的分詞構句，減化之後無法表達非事實語氣 3 Van是荷語的介系詞of 4 是。其實文法要求是before we have比較好 5 是。就是5月19日做統計之前的24小時
老師您好 He pictured Claire sitting out in the car, waiting for him... 1 sitting outside, in the car坐在車子裡面，而車子是在室外?
2 She knows everything there is to know 的中文意思是?
Share prices would have sunk–hurting small and big investors... 3 hurting investors是建立在Share prices actually sank的前提之下才會引發的後果。所以原句Share prices would have sunk寫錯了，要用事實語氣才對?
As much of a headache as this all must be for network execs, it isn't necessarily bad for the corporations behind them 4 As much...=Though this all must be a headache for network execs ?
With case numbers yet to peak, health systems around the country are on the edge of collapse. 5 yet=at later time? 6 with=while=at the same time? 謝謝老師
老師您好 1 In another experiment, results showed that certain people have a specific , [biological] induced hunger for carbonhydrates.的biological為何是不對的？specific跟biological二者不都是形容詞嗎？
2 The secret of popular writing is never to put more on a given page [than] the common reader can lap off it with no strain whatsoever on his slack attention. 想請問這句話的意思是什麼，以及為何要用than呢？ 謝謝老師～
老師您好 Dolly the sheep has developed the disease several years earlier than is normal for a sheep. 1 than是準關係代名詞，先行詞是several years earlier, 而several years(數量、長度等)遇到搭配的動詞可用is 或are, 原句選擇用is。不知以上觀念是否正確?
George was very lucky to have joined up with John and Paul-but no luckier than they were to have found him 2 but...=they are luckier to have found him than George to have joined up with John and Paul?
We proceeded to drift on up the river... 3 drift跟順流搭配在一起（隨著順流而漂）感覺合理，那跟逆流搭配在一起不知如何解釋?
1 準關代其實是省略造成的。可以這樣還原：Dolly the sheep has developed the disease several years earlier than (it) is normal for a sheep (to develop the desease). 2 應該是說雙方equally lucky 3 暗示航行的方式是沒有計畫、漫無目的 4 escapes可以表示「逃離塵囂」去攀岩，也可以表示攀岩時「死中逃生」。標題中常常使用雙關語。gravity-defying意思是「違反重力定律」，描述攀岩者的高超技術 5 would have to be在此比較接近一般用法：「得是、必須是」，時間不一定 6 比較接近could hit，「能夠下得了手」，一般用法 7 看起來是過去時間非事實語氣：「當時股價本來會下跌而傷害到投資人」（事實上沒有）
老師您好 Share prices would have sunk–hurting small and big investors.. 1 老師您說:「當時股價本來會下跌而傷害到投資人」（事實上沒有)--所以這句話應是針對Share prices would have sunk? 2 而hurting small and big investors真的有傷到投資人?
He raced ahead up into the bush, barking and snarling... 3 up=near ?
His eyes flashed, and his lips were drawn back in a furious snarl. 4 his lips were drawn back的意思是?
George was very lucky to have joined up with John and Paul--but no luckier than they were to have found him 5 but...意思是: John and Paul能夠發現到George也是同樣幸運? 6 no luckier...=it (George was very lucky to have joined up with John and Paul) was no luckier than John and Paul were lucky to have found him ? 7 no luckier than 可以寫成not luckier than嗎 謝謝老師
1 換成a just discovered comet來理解：要用副詞just修飾過去分詞discovered，表示「剛剛發現」的慧星，而不是當形容詞直接修飾名詞comet（a just comet不通）。newly discoverd與just discovered同義 2 用Why weren't you也可以。把the last couple of days視為一段過去時間，就用過去式。把它視為「從兩天前起，算到現在為止」就用現在完成式
老師您好，想請問： 1. Since Costanze had very little money, it was recommended that Mozart’s corpse [ be given ] the cheapest available funeral. 為何是用be given？應該如何判斷呢？ 2. You’d better [ get used to seeing] Tim around. 為何答案是seeing 而不是see? 用Seeing 是代表有進行的意味嗎？ 謝謝老師－
1 主要子句it was recommended that...意思是「有人建議…」，表示that子句的內容是一項建議、要求。凡是建議、要求，放在that子句中，應該採用間接命令句語氣，與直接命令句相同，用原形動詞。 2 get used to意思是「對…感到習慣」。凡是表示「對、向、到…」這些意思的to都是介系詞，後面要用名詞當受詞，包括動名詞（如seeing...）
老師您好 The higher up the social scale they are, the more the men have to lose. 1 the more the men have to lose=there are more men to lose? 原句的have to不是必須的意思(have的意思"有"的意思)?不知以上觀念是否正確?
He has become legendary for his fearlessness, whether he's flying or driving fast ... 2 he's flying or driving fast為何要用進行式，應該用現在式(表習慣) 就好了?
Share prices would have sunk–hurting small and big investors.. 3 hurting small and big investors沒有真正發生, 還原就變成so this would have hurt ... 但簡化之後感覺不能變成原句hurting... ? 不知問題出在哪裡?
In Pakistan's Dabori Valley last week, where bin Laden stayed briefly after he was kicked out of Sudan in 1996, villagers say they would give him shelter as a fellow Muslim, even if they would urge him to leave 4 would give him 和would urge him 中would都是一般用法，意思是:願意?
A broad valley opened up leading to a high, flat plateau of cultivated land. 5 A broad valley opened up的意思是?
A precipitate decision is made more quickly or suddenly than most people think is sensible. 6 is sensible=it is sensible to make a decision ? 謝謝老師
1 後句還原為the men have much to lose，亦即the men have much that they can lose，意思是「擁有比較多東西，會患得患失」。反之，如果社會地位甚低，反正什麼都沒有，也就不怕會失去。整句有點「光腳的不怕穿鞋的」味道 2 意思是「不論在駕飛機或是在開快車的時候」，需要用進行式表示「正在」 3 分詞構句hurting...沒有辦法表達非事實語氣。它唯一可能的變化是變成having hurt...，但那也不是非事實語氣，而是完成式 4 是（一般用法） 5 本來是個寬闊的山谷，再走下去就展開成為一片高原 6 是
老師您好，請問： 1. The company’s claim that they had called backed all the sold cars for examination [ was received with] desibelif by the consumers. 這句應該如何翻譯呢？另外要如何判斷括號中應該填入was received with? That received不行嗎？
2. Setting up a corporation requires more paperwork and legal provision [than establishing either a proprietorship or a partnerships] 為何不能用 proprietorships and partnerships? 謝謝老師！
1 「公司聲明已經召回所有已售出車輛來檢修，消費者卻不相信。」 還原為主動態如下： The consumers received the claim with disbelief.「消費者以不相信的態度對待這份聲明」，被動態就是the claim was received with disbelief 2 比較級要求平行對稱。前面是setting up something，後面跟它比的就應該是establishing something（不是東西和東西比，而是事情和事情比）
老師您好 1 He chuckles heartily. chuckle是laugh quietly, 而heartily有大聲地的意思。quietly 跟大聲地有抵觸，不知chuckles heartily要如何理解?
有一篇文章的副標題: The bodysuits are decorous but shinsumo, sumo for women, is brash and getting bigger every year. 在內文中提到The name of the sport is shinsumo, or "new sumo," not women's sumo. What comes to mind when you hear female sumo? 2 sumo for women跟women's sumo及 female sumo在語意上有何不同?
After more than a year of hearings and appeals, he was jailed for 10 months for insulting the courts. His crime had been to stand up in parliament and denounce the conservative judiciary as undemocratic. 3 to stand up...應該是說明His crime到底是什麼crime, 感覺是同位格之類的? 4 stand up 是站立，應該沒有別的意思?
How many cover versions have been made of "My Way"? 5 =How many cover versions of "My Way" have been made ? 6如果二個句子是相等的，那原句寫How many cover versions have been made of "My Way"?的用意是? 謝謝老師
老師您好，請問 1. [Whenever certain chemicals are mixed together] heat is produced. 為何不能用That certain chemicals are moxies together取代？又，為何是用whenever？而不是用when?
2. On weekends, many activities take place on the university’s main campus, [which]you find the famous hundred-year-old banyan tree near the beautiful pond. 中which 應該改成什麼呢？
3.There are si few jobs in banking at the moment that you’re not really in a position to pick and choose. 中you’re not really…應該如何詮釋呢？放really 在這裡總感覺怪怪的？ 謝謝老師～
老師您好 The top half of the door to his office was of frosted glass. 1 was of frosted glass.為什麼需要有of ?
The lonely sentinel walks his post 2 walks his post是在他的戒備範圍裡面走動嗎?
We struck up a conversation, in the course of which it emerged that he was a sailing man. 3 which的先行詞是We struck up a conversation?
If something precipitates an event or situation, usually a bad one, it causes it to happen suddenly or sooner than normal. 4 normal=it is normal to cause it to happen?
5 The wallpaper was peeling away close to the ceiling.=The wallpaper close to the ceiling was peeling away ? 謝謝老師
老師您好！ North Korea has christened what it claims is a nuclear attack submarine after years of development - a step leader Kim Jong Un described as crucial in his efforts to build a nuclear-armed navy to counter the United States and its Asian allies.
Dailymail September 8,2023
上面的句子中，what it claims is a nuclear attack submarine.
1.原來是不是it claims that something is a nuclear attack submarine.然後把that省略，something改成從屬連接詞what，再把what提到句首。
2.是不是也可以寫成：North Korea has christened something which it claims as nuclear attack submarine. 謝謝老師！
1 還原為這兩句： North Korea has christened "something". It claims that "the thing" is a nuclear attack submarine 合併為包含關係子句的複句： North Korea has christened "something" that it claims is a nuclear attack submarine. 再將先行詞something併入關係代名詞that之中成為複合關係代名詞what，即是。 2 搭配claim的應該是to be，不是as
老師您好 The ruins of SHAHR-I-GHOLGHOLA--variously known as the City of Silence, the City of Noise or the Cursed City--tower above the Bamiyan plains of central Afghanistan, a single watchtower left of what, until its destruction in 1222, was a flourishing city on the Silk Route between Europe and China 1 把a single watchtower left of what, until its destruction in 1222, was a flourishing city on the Silk Route between Europe and China這個句子簡化，意思是a single watchtower of what was a flourishing city ? 2 a single watchtower of what was a flourishing city 跟a single watchtower of a flourishing city 在意思上有何差別? 謝謝老師
老師您好，請問： 1. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always [being combined ] with other elements, most commonly with oxygen. 要如何判斷是being combined的？以及這句話該如何翻譯呢？
2. [when i was caught] in a downpour this morning, everything from my hair clips to my shoestrings got soaking wet. 為何是用when i was caught? 為何不能簡化為caught?(省略when i was)
3. The “Bows of God’s wrath is bent, and the Arrow made ready on the string,” [waits] to pierce the sinners’ hearts at any moment . 這句話是什麼意思？以及為何waits 是錯誤的呢？
4. [Holding ] the philosophy that medicine is a human experience, Dr. Mars placed the course “Medicine in Society” in the core curriculum of the medical school. 為何是hold?原句應該還原為什麽呢？
1 「自然界中找不到游離的鋁，因為它總是和別的元素結合，尤其是和氧結合。」owing to...後面部分可還原為副詞子句because it is always combined with other elements。副詞子句改寫為介系詞片語，做法如下：連接詞because改寫為介系詞because of，後面需要名詞當受詞，於是把is改為動名詞being，成為being combined...，然後原來的主詞it用所有格its來交代，成為owing to its always being combined...。 2 副詞子句減化為分詞構句，必須主詞和主要子句相同才可以減化。原句兩個主詞，一個是I，一個是everything，主詞不同，不能減化。 3 「代表神之怒火的那張弓已經拉開、箭也已經上弦，就等著隨時射穿罪人的心臟。」在on the string前面是主要子句，已經有了動詞，後面不能再來一個動詞waits，改為waiting是分詞構句。 4 還原為Because he held the philosophy that...，減化為分詞構句holding the philosophy that...。
老師您好 The ruins of SHAHR-I-GHOLGHOLA--variously known as the City of Silence, the City of Noise or the Cursed City--tower above the Bamiyan plains of central Afghanistan, a single watchtower left of what, until its destruction in 1222, was a flourishing city on the Silk Route between Europe and China 1 老師您的答覆:還原為it is a single watchtower that was left of (what was) a flourishing city...。加上that was意思是「從前是座繁榮城市」，沒有what was就少掉了「從前是」。 加上that was是不是要改成加上what was?
2 The ruins 與a single watchtower是同位格關係?
3 a single watchtower of what was a flourishing city =a single watchtower of what was once a flourishing city? what was once會不會太wordy?
4 a single watchtower of what was a flourishing city =a single watchtower of once a flourishing city?
老師您好 The 13 men might have been nabbed before they could set off any bombs--but they have thrown a big scare into their small, island nation. 1 這是一篇文章中的末段文字，13個人已被執法單位捉到，但 might have been nabbed用的是猜測語氣，已經確定的事為何要用猜測語氣?
Robert Rubin, a top executive at Citigroup, which has more than $800 million in exposure to Enron, he called a Treasury official to ask about bolstering Enron's credit rating. 2 has more than $800 million in exposure to Enron意思是Citigroup借了錢給Enron ?
The incident further tars the name of venerable Arthur Anderson, which in June settled allegations of fraud stemming from its audit of Houston-based Waste Management and paid a $7 million fine without admitting any wrongdoing. Last year, again without admitting wrongdoing, Anderson agreed to pay $110 million to settle a class action brought on behalf of shareholders of another client, Sunbeam, which had misstated its financial results during the 1990s. These days, an Anderson competitor observes sardonically, settling a fraud case appears to be good for attracting business from other firms that want a soft touch for an auditor. 3 settling a fraud case appears...是在說: 查帳公司如果想要接一些簡單的case，那麼他們的生意就會被Anderson(也是查帳公司)搶走? 謝謝老師
老師你好: I would rather you went now. (我寧願你現在去) 此句為與現在事實相反的假設語句，但在解釋上，如何說明would (語氣助動詞) rather(副詞) 後面無原形動詞的現象。某網站說: would rather是動詞，you went now是名詞子句做would rather的受詞，但would rather不是動詞啊! 麻煩老師了
老師您好 Environmental protesters have made common cause with local people to stop the motorway being built. 1 the motorway being built.可還原為:that the motorway was being built.(停止that the motorway was being built這一件事的發生) ?
The incident further tars the name of venerable Arthur Anderson, which in June settled allegations of fraud stemming from its audit of Houston-based Waste Management and paid a $7 million fine without admitting any wrongdoing. Last year, again without admitting wrongdoing, Anderson agreed to pay $110 million to settle a class action brought on behalf of shareholders of another client, Sunbeam, which had misstated its financial results during the 1990s. These days, an Anderson competitor observes sardonically, settling a fraud case appears to be good for attracting business from other firms that want a soft touch for an auditor. 2 other firms是指"被"查帳的公司? 3 a soft touch for an auditor.是審查員對被查帳的公司不嚴格?
The 13 men might have been nabbed before they could set off any bombs--but they have thrown a big scare into their small, island nation. 4 might 不是猜測語氣，而是表示讓步：「或許他們是在事先就被抓了」 。那我的問題是: 讓步的意思是 ? 5「或許他們是在事先就被抓了」的"或許"我覺得有"猜測的意味"，再麻請老師解答? 謝謝老師
老師您好 The crew is gone but Zhang Yimou is still awake, working alone in his editing-room-cum-dormitory, poring over the day's rushes. For sure he's tired, but the creative fire is still burning bright. Did someone say pressured? You would hardly sense it, to see the way his movie works. 1 Did someone say pressured?的pressured是否有省略什麼字?( pressured是當形容詞嗎?Did someone say pressured?的意思是?) 2 You would hardly sense it, to see the way his movie works.的it 是Did someone say pressured?嗎 3 to see the way his movie works=if you see the way his movie works? 謝謝老師
老師您好 Vance's recipe for arbitration is "Master the facts of the situation; listen exhaustively to both sides; and don't give up." It doesn't exactly sing, but it work 1 It doesn't exactly sing的意思是?
Further awareness is needed, especially among the developed countries, of the need to assist the countries most affected by child trafficking... 2 of the need=Further awareness of the need?
The air of the High Arctic is so clear that objects miles distant appear no farther away than a short walk. Thus it seemed as if the small herd of oxen grazing toward our tent might reach us in moments. 3 might reach us是現在非事實，為何it seemed的seemed不用seems?
Other suggest the marriage pendulum has swung from the hollowly pragmatic to an unhealthy romantic ideal. 4 hollowly pragmatic的意思是?
Previous generations of women made their barter as much around the need for male protection and financial help as affection. 5 原句的意思是?
Women who have chosen the single life sometimes have their own qualms. Singlehood does not yield itself to a simple, blithe embrace. 6 blithe embrace的意思是? 謝謝老師
老師您好 Whatever taboo made grief a private matter is for now a casualty of war. Has there ever been so intimate a reckoning as this--and not just on our side? Osama bin Laden was devoted to his mama and liked to drive tractors and watch nature videos. 1 Whatever taboo....=any taboo that made grief a private matter ? 2 reckoning=the time when your actions are judged as good or bad and you are rewarded or punished 謝謝老師
老師您好 Moulin Rouge may not have been the best directed film of the year, but it was certainly the most directed. 1 it was certainly the most directed.的意思是
Every ambitious picturemaker should be allowed one wild misfire at no lasting cost to his reputation 2 misfire at no lasting cost to his reputation意思是:對名聲造成持久的影響 ? 謝謝老師
老師您好 Never ask anyone about their past. Especially not a lady 1 Especially not a lady=Especially not ask a lady about her past?
This lawlessness combined with the wealth pouring into this bustling port encouraged young men and women with flexible scruples to dream and scheme--sometimes to their own graves. 2dream and scheme是動詞，而graves是名詞，這樣的寫法會不會有問題(還是encourage to V encourage to some place 是被允語的) ? 謝謝老師
老師好。 1. 多年前老師的英文寫作課講義裡有這句： Except for a concert performance being staged by the composer himself last year ... 老師說 being 是贅字。那底下這句的 being 是不是也同樣多餘：While the probability of the specific conditions on Erath being widely replicated is low ... 2. 句首不得用 Except ，只能用 Except for 有原因嗎？ 感恩老師。
1 except for a concert performance裏面，例外是a concert performance「一場表演」，那是個名詞片語，後面直接用staged by...這個分詞片語來修飾。但是the probability of the specific conditions on Earth being widely replicated裏啊，可能性是「地球上的詳細情況有很多的複本」，那是一件事情，要用一個句子來敘述：That the specific conditions on Earth are widely replicated，減化為the specific conditions on Earth being widely replicated之後放在the probability of後面當受詞。需要being才能看出它是一個句子、一項敘述，而不是一個名詞片語、一個東西。 2 例如everybody except John，那是由everybody構成一個集合，裏面扣除掉一個成員John，所以介系詞片語except John必須放在everybody後面。既然必須放在後面，那麼except就不能放在句首。但是except for使用的情況不同。例如：Except for a flat tire, the trip was perfect.，句中the trip並非一個集合，a flat tire也不是其中一個成員。
老師您好 Something inherent in cheating makes handicapping the favorites in most events difficult if not impossible. 1 if not impossible.表示 handicapping the favorites還是有可能的?
The crew is gone but Zhang Yimou is still awake, working alone in his editing-room-cum-dormitory, poring over the day's rushes. For sure he's tired, but the creative fire is still burning bright. Did someone say pressured? You would hardly sense it, to see the way his movie works. 2 You would hardly sense it, to see the way his movie works.=You would hardly sense that he was pressured, if you should see the way his movie works. 3 would hardly及should see是未來非事實
...that they faced dismissal if they didn't perform effectively, a shocking declaration in a system that once assured every college graduate a government desk and a paycheck, work or no work 4 work or no work=whether there was work or no work ? 謝謝老師
老師您好 The TSA has not yet bought the 2,000 large detection devices it aims to have operating within nine months to inspect checked baggage for explosive 1 it aims to have...= it aims to have the 2,000 large detection devices operating ? 2 operating 如果改成operate，在語意上有何差別? 3 operating 改成operated(被動)會不會比較合理?
When toting up personal possessions signifying ascendance in Hong Kong society, along with the Mercedes-Benz and the house on the Peak goes a Jockey Club membership card. 4 goes的意思是 ? 5在這個句子的主要主詞跟動詞在哪? 謝謝老師
1 正確 2 用operating較好：這種機器一旦啟用就是持續工作，要用進行式 3 在此operating等同於working或functioning，要用主動（have是使役動詞） 4, 5 片語go with「搭配、一起」。這是倒裝句，還原為：A Jockey Club membership card(S) goes(V) along with the Mercedes-Benz and the house on the Peak(C).
老師好 Diplomatic couriers serve more symbolic functions than carrying messages.要寫成平行對稱的兩個句子，是底下這兩句嗎？ Diplomatic couriers serve functions. Diplomatic couriers serve the function of carrying messages. 謝謝
請問老師
回覆刪除１ Fortunately, the ball just missed the window.
這句的副詞看起來不是方法狀態的副詞，難道是分離副詞嗎？
２ 不完全動詞後面若要接名詞補語，有的可以直接加，有的卻要由介系詞 like 引導，請問區別的方式是什麼？He became a soldier. He looked like a soldier.
謝謝。
1
刪除是分離副詞
2
名詞補語要符合和主詞全等的要求。介系詞片語則只是形容詞類的修飾語，不必符合全等要求。例如：
He is a good man.
He looks like a good man (but isn't one).
He looks l
He looks like John's son.
老師好
回覆刪除I am fortunate to have followed your advice.
１．不定詞片語是當作副詞使用嗎？
２．不定詞似乎可以還原成一般用法的could，但是一般用法的could加上動詞完成式不就表示非事實語氣？
謝謝。
1
刪除是
2
語氣助動詞加完成式、以及to加完成式，可以表示「相對過去時間」。I am fortunate是現在時間，to have followed的時間是比它更早：「我今天很幸運，因為我當初聽了你的話」。
旋
老師您好
回覆刪除A dozen international coffee experts shuffle around a long wooden table, pausing at each steaming cup, heads dipping and sniffing deeply.
1 shuffle是 walk there without lifting feet properly off the ground，而pause是stop。如果pausing還原"while" they pause的話，意思就變成shuffle及pause兩個動作同時進行(應該是走完了之後，才會停下來才比較合理)，不知我的理解出了什問題?
His eyes are shadowed with profound decency one minute, and hollowed out in desperate calculation the next
2 eye shadow是眼影，原句His eyes are shadowed with profound decency依字面上的意思:他塗了 profound decency 之眼影 ?
transmuted from a shy youth into a sophisticated man about town
3 a sophisticated man about town的about 是concerning ? (與a book about ships的about相同意思)
He writes beautifully, as befits a poet
4 as可看成是which, 先行詞就是He writes beautifully ?
The main infection route for rural America is coming from cities, even smaller ones with fewer cases, as happened with Mangum and Tulsa.
5 as happened with就是固定用法 ? 不能用as happened in 接某個地方嗎 ?
6 happened 應該不是被動，是主動的簡單過去式 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除就是「走走停停」
2
不是。「眼睛蒙上（某種感覺或色彩」
3
不是。等於a man around town
4
若把as視為準關係代名詞，就是這樣解釋
5
這裏說的並非in cities，而是from cities
6
是。同4，準關係代名詞的用法
作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除老師您好
回覆刪除Yet flirtation and flattery do not a power couple make. These two share an intense intellectual connection.
1 do not 怎麼不是are not (are not後接名詞a power)? do not後面應該接動詞，而不是名詞?
I'm a realist - I knew there was no way I could win, so I swam for a good finish, for points.
2 a good finish,的意思是 ?
He is now just an old man before his time. (He died in 1947, at age 48.)
3意思是:他太早死了 ?
He told the police that he had thought honestly about the ethics of what he was doing.
4 what he was doing的時間應該要比 had thought更早，改成what he had been doing/what he had done才對 ?
the economic fallout of the pandemic
5=the economic fallout from the pandemic
Milton's image was one of conservative stability. Salander fitted into this picture about as well as a buffalo at a boat show
6原句的as well as 應該不是 I want to visit Tom as well as Mary.中的as well as。而且第二個as是"像" 的意思，不知以上觀念是否正確?
7原句的about意思是 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除倒裝句，還原為：These do not make a power couple.
2
「好看的結果」：例如拿個第3、第4名，還可以得到一些積分
3
感覺像是說「未老先衰」
4
如果what he was doing是他一貫的做法，就可以用was
5
意思相同，用of比較好
6
正確
7
程度副詞：roughly, approximately
老師好，我看 lack 當名詞用，限定詞常常是不定冠詞：
回覆刪除Her only problem is a lack of confidence.
lack 後面有修飾語，指出是什麼樣的，不就該用定冠詞才能配合嗎？好比說 the importance of math。
謝謝老師。
參考一下這句：
刪除An overabundance of confidence led to her failure.
類似a lack of, an overabundance of之類的片語，感覺像a lot of一樣，近似「量詞」。這可能是採用不定冠詞的原因吧。
老師您好
回覆刪除A dozen international coffee experts shuffle around a long wooden table, pausing at each steaming cup, heads dipping and sniffing deeply.
1 pausing...可還原then they pause... (雖然then不能當連接詞，但shuffle及pause透過then來連結，就有走走停停的意思)
transmuted from a shy youth into a sophisticated man about town
2 man about town字面上的意思這個人把town都包圍了 ?
His eyes are shadowed with profound decency one minute, and hollowed out in desperate calculation the next
3 hollowed out 是把profound decency挖掉;而他的眼神現在以desperate calculation的方式來呈現 。不知以上解讀是否正確?
He told the police that he had thought honestly about the ethics of what he was doing.
4 what he was doing.可以表示他一貫的做法。那我的問題是: 表示過去習慣、一貫的做法，不是要用would (what he would do)表示? 還是不管現在或過去的習慣、一貫的做法，皆可用進行式來表示 ?
I hustled some tickets from a magazine and off we went.
5 off we went.的意思是離開，把off移到前面是要強調off這個字?
State officials said the court's ruling clears the way for proceedings to condemn buildings in the area.
6 proceedings=a series of events ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除減化子句還原為副詞子句，還是需要一個連接詞
2
就是a man around town「在城裏很混得開的人」
3
因為在做desperate calculation而顯得眼神呆滯
4
what he was doing是事實語氣，表示當時真正在做。had thought則是「事先有考慮過」
5
是
6
「法律程序」
老師您好
回覆刪除Braced though they might've been for a bumpy year, broadcast and cable could never have anticipated what's befallen them since March.
1 braced...=though they might've been braced...? 把braced移到句首是為了要強調braced 這個字?以上觀念是否正確 ？
... streaming wars, implicit in which was the gradual exodus from traditional TV
2意思是: the gradual exodus from traditional TV was implicit in streaming wars ?
Some readers will recognize the writers being parodied; however, others will need to consult the notes.
3 the writers being parodied=that the writers are parodied ?
4 will是猜現在?
5 The natural images in the poem are meant to be suggestive of realities beyond themselves.的意思是 ?
Diesel's charm is like that of a big dog, loyal, protective, wary of strangers, given to jowls.
6 given to jowls的意思是:(長相、特徵)一向是jowls ?
She didn't acknowledge the negative impact of removing her child, not least of which is that her school is now deprived of funding for her child at a time when schools are struggling financially.
7 not least of which is that =particularly the negative impact of removing her child is that ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除正確
2
是
3
the writers that are being parodied
4
是
5
例如詩中提到「夕陽」（一種natural image），用意可能是要暗示「結束、死亡」
6
長相具有「下巴寬大」的特色
7
one not insignificant example is that...
老師在新版文法書P55寫到：定冠詞 the也是中古英文，來自表示that 的古字。所以，要瞭解the的用法，可以從這個角度切入：the是that 或 those 的弱化，在可以用that 或those 的地方才可以用 the。
回覆刪除老師上課的時候又說：定冠詞the是this、that、these、those的弱化。
請問老師：
定冠詞the是that 或 those 的弱化，還是定冠詞the是this、that、these、those的弱化？為什麼？
this, that, these, those這些字同源
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除They have been weighing options for a possible virtual convention
1 實體or虛擬會議，選項只有二選一，為什麼原句會用options複數 ?
The surface corrosion was worst where the paint had flaked off.
2 worst前面為什麼不加the (最高級) ?
If he spent any more time at the XXX offices, he'd be a desk! Being managing editor keeps him busy with many responsibilities, including editing and assigning stories.
3 If he spent ... desk所要傳達的意思是?
I don't want to leave, but I can't go on.
4 I can't go on.字面上是沒辦法繼續做什麼事，表要離開了 ?
5 No one's really smarter than the next person意思是: 一山比一山高?
At the height of the pandemic on April 7, two dozen people were dying every hour.
6 were dying指垂死的意思，dying是形容詞?
7die(動詞)在何種情境之下，有dying(V-ing)的形式?
謝謝老師
1
刪除例如時間、議程、參與人數等等，都屬於options
2
因為worst是形容詞補語，並不在名詞片語中，所以不需要冠詞
3
「要是再花更多時間在辦公室，那他就成了辦公桌了！」（只有辦公桌才是一直待在辦公室）
4
不能繼續像原來那樣，所以要走
5
是
6
就是進行式，表示持續有人死亡
7
持續發生就可以用進行式
全數（total）有all與both、分數（fraction）有half，one-third， three-quarters 等、倍數（multiple）有 double，twice，three times 等。
回覆刪除很多文法書都說數量詞分為數詞和量詞，其中，數詞包括基數詞和序數詞。
請問：
1.全數詞、分數詞、倍數詞屬於數量詞裡面的一類嗎？如果屬於，請問它們屬於基數詞還是序數詞？請說明具體理由。
2.限定詞的分類困惑。
老師在新版文法書P40寫到，限定詞依其性質可以分為限制性限定詞和非限制性限定詞，若換成限定範圍來劃分，可分成部分性限定詞和全稱限定詞。
請問，除了以上分類依據做出的分類，限定詞還可以怎麼分？我看到有些文法書把限定詞分為：冠詞、所有格、指示詞（this、that、these、those）、關係詞（whose、which）、疑問限定詞（what、which、whose）、不定限定詞（no, some, any, each, every, enough, either, neither, all, both, half, several, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, other, another）、基數詞和序數詞、倍數詞和分數詞、量詞，我十分困惑這些分類依據是什麼，有沒有一種邏輯自洽的分類，更困惑全數詞、分數詞、倍數詞和數詞有啥關係，在限定詞裡面該如何分類？
1
刪除各種量詞都屬於限定詞，用於限定後面名詞的量。所謂基數是1, 2, 3, 4...，序數則是1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th...，這些同樣屬於限定詞。
2
各種分類都是文法學家提出來的，採用不同的系統。學習者只要選擇自己認為比較好用的分類就行了。
老師在文法解題書P73第10題說過，名詞片語a good opportunity裡面可以加上副詞very來修飾形容詞good，變成a very good opportunity。
回覆刪除老師又在文法解題書P75第14題說，名詞片語a discovered comet裡面加上副詞newly的話，要變成a newly-discovered comet。
請問，同樣是副詞修飾形容詞，為什麼名詞片語a very good opportunity裡面的very good就不用連字符，而名詞片語a newly-discovered comet裡面的newly discovered就必須用連字符？能不能直接寫成a newly discovered comet？
very是加強語氣的副詞（intensifier），依副在形容詞上例如very good，不需要hyphen。newly則是方法狀態的副詞（adverb of manner），搭配形容詞如discovered會構成一個片語，不再能夠放在名詞片語中，所以需要加hyphen。
刪除+2023年7月17日 清晨5:47
刪除文法解題書P118
回覆刪除Most of the inhabitants of this island had never seen a foreigner, much less a foreign woman.
島上居民大都沒看過外國人，更別提外國女人。
老師在課堂說過：much less、not to mention、let alone等是從比較句法而來（可以還原為原來的句型，但比較複雜），但已經逐漸演變成慣用的片語。
請問老師，much less、not to mention、let alone等如何還原為原來的句型？我自己還原不成功，希望老師能舉例說明，謝謝。
以much less
刪除以much less為例，可以還原為：
刪除They had never seen a foreigner.
They had seen a foreign woman even less.
老師您好
回覆刪除These numbers are completely unsustainable going forward.
1 雖然going forward是未來，但are completely unsustainable現在式相較will be completely unsustainable 來講的話，are completely unsustainable語氣非常確定，故用現在式代替未來式，不知以上觀念是否正確?
More often than not, many people have chosen to ignore or wall off ugly, abusive behavior from professional competence. But those walls are increasing porous. Cruelty, deception and corruption inevitably leak through and taint the work and the lives of all those associated.
2 Cruelty, deception and corruption inevitably leak through the work and the lives of all those associated字面上的意思是:Cruelty, deception and corruption這些不好的東西充斥著工作及生活 ?
To be without Pearce would be a considerable blow..
3 To be without Pearce可以改成being without Pearce, 而且意思不變 ?
"Looking at the balance sheet is first and foremost," says Loh," and then move on to growth prospects." After years of easy, set-it-and-forget-it stock gains, it looks like the fundamental analysis is set to make a big comeback. "A basic question is whether you feel comfortable that a company is going to be in business in the next couple of years." says Loh.
4 A basic question...所要傳達的意思是 ?
She gives the example of walking a dog that suddenly barks at a passerby. A quick look at an unmasked person's face will confirm whether the passerby is smiling because he thinks he's much better with his dog than you are or smiling because his dog is also occasionally silly
5 he's much better with his dog暗示：對方沒把自己的狗管好，很沒教養?
When he was thinking out a problem Tweed's habit was never to isolate himself in his room...
6 Tweed's habit...指的應該是過去的習慣，為何不用would never isolate.. ? 原句用was never to isolate過去之未來有何用意?
謝謝老師
1
刪除可以這樣看。用are就是採取事實語氣，當做事實來看。
2
原句是個比喻：在工作與生活中建一堵牆隔開。但是一些醜陋的東西會滲透穿過牆壁（leak through）、污染工作與生活（taint the work and lives...）
3
可以，但to be假設語氣比較強
4
這裏說的是投資股市，主張要回歸基本面，也就是公司是否健全：基本問題是你認為這家公司兩年之後還會健在嗎？
5
是
6
never to V就是he would never V的減化，意思相同
You should aim as high as you can.
回覆刪除這個比較句法可否寫成倒裝句：You should aim as high as "can" you.
不行。自己和自己比，不能倒裝，要和別人比才可以倒裝。
刪除+2023年7月17日 清晨5:49
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除A daily reminder of my mother's struggle to survive in a senior center rampant with the disease, of my daughter's forced return home from school when her university shuttered... The silver streaks on my head keeping these losses top of mind, literally.
1 keeping 為何不寫成keep ?
2 literally 在這所要表達的意思是?
You're rather gambling on it being a nice day by holding the party in the garden, aren't you?
3it=being on a nice day, 那麼it可以省略嗎 ?
A massive aid package pays people more than they would if they stayed employed (thanks to extra money for unemployment benefits) and makes everyone more insecure about the future.
4 ...pays people more than they would...中的they would是什麼意思? would 後有省略字嗎?
Funeral directors search for small symbolic steps to honor the deceased in rituals so anonymous and restrictive, they are no longer called wakes or visitations but rather identification ceremonies.
5 they are no longer 前面是省略that (so... that) ? 為何可省略?
6 rural heartland=a rural area in the heartland ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除這裏選擇用不完整句：只是個名詞片語
2
頭頂的銀絲，「真正」（literally）就是在top of my mind（在頭頂上）
3
You are gambling on the fact that it is a nice day，名詞子句減化為it being a nice day，主詞it和主要子句you不同，需要留下來，不能省略
4
more than thay would (be paid) on the job
5
連接詞that是空的，經常被省略，如：in case (that), so (that)
6
感覺像是heartland of a rural area
老師在「2023年7月16日 晚上10:28」回復說：
回覆刪除very是加強語氣的副詞（intensifier），依附在形容詞上例如very good，不需要hyphen。
newly則是方法狀態的副詞（adverb of manner），搭配形容詞如discovered會構成一個片語，不再能夠放在名詞片語中，所以需要加hyphen。
請問，為什麼「加強語氣的副詞（intensifier）+形容詞」就不是一個片語，而「方法狀態的副詞（adverb of manner）+形容詞」就是一個片語？我理解不了這裡面的原因。
老師在「2023年7月16日 晚上10:41」回復說：
回覆刪除自己和自己比，不能倒裝，要和別人比才可以倒裝。
請問，為什麼「自己和自己比不能倒裝，自己和別人比就能倒裝」？能說明原因嗎？老師回復得比較簡短，我百思不得其解。
例如：
刪除This room is longer than (it is) wide.
這是this room和它自己比，為法倒裝。但是：
This room is bigger than is the one on Second Floor.
這是兩個不同的rooms在比較，才可以倒裝。倒裝是為了帶出「和誰比」，如果是和自己比，不能倒裝。
老師在文法課裡面講到「介系詞」這一章時，舉出一個例句：
回覆刪除Baseball season is in summer.
請問，這裡為什麼是in summer，而不是in the summer？這裡看起來貌似沒有普通名詞抽象化的意味，好像用in the summer更好。
summer可以當可數名詞、也可以當抽象名詞。
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除A daily reminder of my mother's struggle to survive in a senior center rampant with the disease, of my daughter's forced return home from school when her university shuttered... The silver streaks on my head keeping these losses top of mind, literally.
1 The silver streaks on my head keeping ...=The silver streaks on my head which keeps these losses are top of mind, literally.?
She knows pretty well everything there is to know on the subject.
2 there is to know的意思是?
He pictured Claire sitting out in the car, waiting for him...
3 sitting out應該不是sit something out (to wait for an event to finish) , 那原句sitting out的意思是 ?
Share prices would have sunk–hurting small and big investors...
4 投資者確實受到傷害(事實語氣)，造成傷害的原因可能是股價下跌(猜測語氣)。原句可以這樣理解嗎?
If something lets you down, it is the reason you are not as successful as you could have been.
5 you could have been過去非事實可以改為現在非事實you could be嗎?
Let's look at a hypothetical situation in which Carol, a recovering cocaine addict, gets invited to a party.
6 用gets‧‧‧ 表示當真，如用got, 表示非事實語氣。用gets 或got 都可以，不知以上觀念是否正確 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除這是把句子減化為一個名詞片語，屬於不完整句，可還原為：
The silver streaks on my head (S) kept (V) these losses (O) top of my head (C), literally.
2
分為兩句來看：
She knows everything.
There is something to know.
製造關係子句：everything是先行詞，something改為關係代名詞that，成為複句：
She knows everything that there is to know.
再省掉關係代名詞that。
3
這裏就是單純的sitting ouside, in the car
4
Share prices would have sunk可能是猜測語氣，也可能是非事實語氣，還要看上文才知道。但是hurting investors是建立在Share prices actually sank的前提之下才會引發的後果
5
could have been是建立在something didn't let you down的前提之下，而那個前提是假的，所以要用非事實。could have been會比較好
6
上文是「當真」的語氣，所以這裏用got的話，感覺像是「過去時間事實語氣」
老師說，現在分詞和過去分詞可視為形容詞。
回覆刪除我可以理解「現在分詞Ving視為形容詞」，比如：The coin remained spinning after a full minute.，spinning是形容詞做補語。
我不知道如何理解「現在分詞片語having Ven視為形容詞片語」，比如新版文法書P516例句：
Anyone [that has visited Bali once] will want to return.
Anyone [having visited Bali once] will want to return.
請問，如何把現在分詞片語having visited Bali once視為形容詞片語？理解為：Anyone [that is having visited Bali once]嗎？如果理解為：be動詞is後面的現在分詞片語having visited Bali once視為形容詞片語，is having visited豈非文法錯誤？
在完成式中，have Ven要視為一組動詞片語，Ven不再是形容詞。然後，have Ven這組動詞改為現在分詞就是having ven，視為形容詞片語。
刪除老師您好 ，
回覆刪除想請問The United States of America跟The Republic of Korea兩個為什麼是假專有名詞呢？我的理解是state 跟republic是通稱，但是America是專有名詞，既然America是專有名詞，那為何還要加the呢？
謝謝老師～
the United States是一個名詞片語，其中名詞位置是通稱（普通名詞）states，所以需要限定詞。介系詞片語of America中的受詞America是特稱（專有名詞），所以在America前面不能加限定詞。Korea的情況相同。
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除A daily reminder of my mother's struggle to survive in a senior center rampant with the disease, of my daughter's forced return home from school when her university shuttered... The silver streaks on my head keeping these losses top of mind, literally.
1 The silver streaks on my head keeping ...=The silver streaks on my head (S) kept (V) these losses (O) top of my head (C), literally. 那麼 literally 在這的意思應該是:these losses 真正(literally)在我的腦中 ?
Share prices would have sunk–hurting small and big investors...
2 hurting investors是建立在Share prices actually sank的前提之下才會引發的後果。那麼 Share prices would have sunk視為猜測語氣的話，會不會跟Share prices actually sank事實語氣有抵觸? 不知本句的語意要如何理解?
Can you guess where American President Theodore Roosevelt's surname came from? From the old Dutch name Van Roseveld, meaning "of the rose field."
3 of the rose field為什麼要多of? 省略可以嗎?
We still have some outstanding issues to resolve before we'll have a treaty that is ready to sign.
4 before we'll have... 跟 before we have...在語意上是相同的嗎?
The country has confirmed almost 18,000 deaths as of May 19, with a record 1,179 dying in the preceding 24 hours.
5 preceding 24 hours是5月18日 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除白髮（silver streaks）真正是在頭頂上（on my head）。象徵各種煩惱真正是top of my mind
2
後面hurting...是表示結果的分詞構句，減化之後無法表達非事實語氣
3
Van是荷語的介系詞of
4
是。其實文法要求是before we have比較好
5
是。就是5月19日做統計之前的24小時
老師您好
回覆刪除He pictured Claire sitting out in the car, waiting for him...
1 sitting outside, in the car坐在車子裡面，而車子是在室外?
2 She knows everything there is to know 的中文意思是?
Share prices would have sunk–hurting small and big investors...
3 hurting investors是建立在Share prices actually sank的前提之下才會引發的後果。所以原句Share prices would have sunk寫錯了，要用事實語氣才對?
As much of a headache as this all must be for network execs, it isn't necessarily bad for the corporations behind them
4 As much...=Though this all must be a headache for network execs ?
With case numbers yet to peak, health systems around the country are on the edge of collapse.
5 yet=at later time?
6 with=while=at the same time?
謝謝老師
1
刪除是
2
「該懂的她都懂」
3
原句沒錯。分詞構句無法表達非事實語氣
4
是
5
是
是
老師您好
回覆刪除1 In another experiment, results showed that certain people have a specific , [biological] induced hunger for carbonhydrates.的biological為何是不對的？specific跟biological二者不都是形容詞嗎？
2 The secret of popular writing is never to put more on a given page [than] the common reader can lap off it with no strain whatsoever on his slack attention.
想請問這句話的意思是什麼，以及為何要用than呢？
謝謝老師～
1
刪除意思不好。應該是：「針對性的、由生物原因而造成的飢餓感」，這樣的解釋比較完整
2
「通俗寫作的秘訣在於：一頁上頭不要放入太多東西，務必讓一般讀者能夠輕鬆吸收，對他鬆散的注意力不會造成任何壓力。」用than是搭配前面的more以完成比較級句法。
老師您好
回覆刪除Dolly the sheep has developed the disease several years earlier than is normal for a sheep.
1 than是準關係代名詞，先行詞是several years earlier, 而several years(數量、長度等)遇到搭配的動詞可用is 或are, 原句選擇用is。不知以上觀念是否正確?
George was very lucky to have joined up with John and Paul-but no luckier than they were to have found him
2 but...=they are luckier to have found him than George to have joined up with John and Paul?
We proceeded to drift on up the river...
3 drift跟順流搭配在一起（隨著順流而漂）感覺合理，那跟逆流搭配在一起不知如何解釋?
4 讀到一篇rock climbing的文章，標題是Gravity defying escapes, 不了解標題的意思?
You'd have to be a monster to hit a child like that
5 You'd have to be =You must be, 有可能是猜現在或猜過去，視上下文而定?
6 to hit=so that you would hit ? (would是一般用法)
7 Share prices would have sunk–hurting small and big investors...的意思是: 當時認為股價有可能下跌(現在的角度猜過去的想法)，而事實上股價真的下跌了，而傷害到投資者?
謝謝老師
1
回覆刪除準關代其實是省略造成的。可以這樣還原：Dolly the sheep has developed the disease several years earlier than (it) is normal for a sheep (to develop the desease).
2
應該是說雙方equally lucky
3
暗示航行的方式是沒有計畫、漫無目的
4
escapes可以表示「逃離塵囂」去攀岩，也可以表示攀岩時「死中逃生」。標題中常常使用雙關語。gravity-defying意思是「違反重力定律」，描述攀岩者的高超技術
5
would have to be在此比較接近一般用法：「得是、必須是」，時間不一定
6
比較接近could hit，「能夠下得了手」，一般用法
7
看起來是過去時間非事實語氣：「當時股價本來會下跌而傷害到投資人」（事實上沒有）
老師您好
回覆刪除Share prices would have sunk–hurting small and big investors..
1 老師您說:「當時股價本來會下跌而傷害到投資人」（事實上沒有)--所以這句話應是針對Share prices would have sunk?
2 而hurting small and big investors真的有傷到投資人?
He raced ahead up into the bush, barking and snarling...
3 up=near ?
His eyes flashed, and his lips were drawn back in a furious snarl.
4 his lips were drawn back的意思是?
George was very lucky to have joined up with John and Paul--but no luckier than they were to have found him
5 but...意思是: John and Paul能夠發現到George也是同樣幸運?
6 no luckier...=it (George was very lucky to have joined up with John and Paul) was no luckier than John and Paul were lucky to have found him ?
7 no luckier than 可以寫成not luckier than嗎
謝謝老師
1
刪除是
2
沒有真正發生
3
race up就是「往前跑」
4
嘴角往後扯
5
是
6
but George was no luckier than they were to have found him
7
文法正確，但比較級「不小於、不遜於、不亞於」的邏輯關係通常是用no more than表示
老師您好，想請問：
回覆刪除1.A [newly-discovered] comet ，為何是用newly，而不是new呢？
2. Why [haven’t you been] in town the last couple of days? 為何不是用wasn’t you？且依據the last couple of days要如何理解為完成式呢？
謝謝老師～
1
刪除換成a just discovered comet來理解：要用副詞just修飾過去分詞discovered，表示「剛剛發現」的慧星，而不是當形容詞直接修飾名詞comet（a just comet不通）。newly discoverd與just discovered同義
2
用Why weren't you也可以。把the last couple of days視為一段過去時間，就用過去式。把它視為「從兩天前起，算到現在為止」就用現在完成式
老師您好，想請問：
回覆刪除1. Since Costanze had very little money, it was recommended that Mozart’s corpse [ be given ] the cheapest available funeral. 為何是用be given？應該如何判斷呢？
2. You’d better [ get used to seeing] Tim around. 為何答案是seeing 而不是see? 用Seeing 是代表有進行的意味嗎？
謝謝老師－
1
刪除主要子句it was recommended that...意思是「有人建議…」，表示that子句的內容是一項建議、要求。凡是建議、要求，放在that子句中，應該採用間接命令句語氣，與直接命令句相同，用原形動詞。
2
get used to意思是「對…感到習慣」。凡是表示「對、向、到…」這些意思的to都是介系詞，後面要用名詞當受詞，包括動名詞（如seeing...）
老師您好
回覆刪除The higher up the social scale they are, the more the men have to lose.
1 the more the men have to lose=there are more men to lose? 原句的have to不是必須的意思(have的意思"有"的意思)?不知以上觀念是否正確?
He has become legendary for his fearlessness, whether he's flying or driving fast ...
2 he's flying or driving fast為何要用進行式，應該用現在式(表習慣) 就好了?
Share prices would have sunk–hurting small and big investors..
3 hurting small and big investors沒有真正發生, 還原就變成so this would have hurt ... 但簡化之後感覺不能變成原句hurting... ? 不知問題出在哪裡?
In Pakistan's Dabori Valley last week, where bin Laden stayed briefly after he was kicked out of Sudan in 1996, villagers say they would give him shelter as a fellow Muslim, even if they would urge him to leave
4 would give him 和would urge him 中would都是一般用法，意思是:願意?
A broad valley opened up leading to a high, flat plateau of cultivated land.
5 A broad valley opened up的意思是?
A precipitate decision is made more quickly or suddenly than most people think is sensible.
6 is sensible=it is sensible to make a decision ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除後句還原為the men have much to lose，亦即the men have much that they can lose，意思是「擁有比較多東西，會患得患失」。反之，如果社會地位甚低，反正什麼都沒有，也就不怕會失去。整句有點「光腳的不怕穿鞋的」味道
2
意思是「不論在駕飛機或是在開快車的時候」，需要用進行式表示「正在」
3
分詞構句hurting...沒有辦法表達非事實語氣。它唯一可能的變化是變成having hurt...，但那也不是非事實語氣，而是完成式
4
是（一般用法）
5
本來是個寬闊的山谷，再走下去就展開成為一片高原
6
是
老師您好，請問：
回覆刪除1. The company’s claim that they had called backed all the sold cars for examination [ was received with] desibelif by the consumers. 這句應該如何翻譯呢？另外要如何判斷括號中應該填入was received with? That received不行嗎？
2. Setting up a corporation requires more paperwork and legal provision [than establishing either a proprietorship or a partnerships] 為何不能用 proprietorships and partnerships?
謝謝老師！
1
刪除「公司聲明已經召回所有已售出車輛來檢修，消費者卻不相信。」
還原為主動態如下：
The consumers received the claim with disbelief.「消費者以不相信的態度對待這份聲明」，被動態就是the claim was received with disbelief
2
比較級要求平行對稱。前面是setting up something，後面跟它比的就應該是establishing something（不是東西和東西比，而是事情和事情比）
作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除老師您好
回覆刪除1 He chuckles heartily. chuckle是laugh quietly, 而heartily有大聲地的意思。quietly 跟大聲地有抵觸，不知chuckles heartily要如何理解?
有一篇文章的副標題: The bodysuits are decorous but shinsumo, sumo for women, is brash and getting bigger every year.
在內文中提到The name of the sport is shinsumo, or "new sumo," not women's sumo. What comes to mind when you hear female sumo?
2 sumo for women跟women's sumo及 female sumo在語意上有何不同?
After more than a year of hearings and appeals, he was jailed for 10 months for insulting the courts. His crime had been to stand up in parliament and denounce the conservative judiciary as undemocratic.
3 to stand up...應該是說明His crime到底是什麼crime, 感覺是同位格之類的?
4 stand up 是站立，應該沒有別的意思?
How many cover versions have been made of "My Way"?
5 =How many cover versions of "My Way" have been made ?
6如果二個句子是相等的，那原句寫How many cover versions have been made of "My Way"?的用意是?
謝謝老師
1
刪除聲音不大，但笑得很放肆
2
一樣，只是寫作時求用字變化，避免重複
3
是同位格
4
有「強出頭」的暗示
5
意思一樣
6
把how many versions和have been made放在一起，比較強調「出過幾種版本」
老師您好，請問
回覆刪除1. [Whenever certain chemicals are mixed together] heat is produced. 為何不能用That certain chemicals are moxies together取代？又，為何是用whenever？而不是用when?
2. On weekends, many activities take place on the university’s main campus, [which]you find the famous hundred-year-old banyan tree near the beautiful pond. 中which 應該改成什麼呢？
3.There are si few jobs in banking at the moment that you’re not really in a position to pick and choose. 中you’re not really…應該如何詮釋呢？放really 在這裡總感覺怪怪的？
謝謝老師～
1
刪除主要子句是heat(S) is(V) produced(C)，前面不能再用that子句（名詞子句），因為主詞已經有了（是heat）。用when或whenever的子句都行，都是副詞子句，修飾主要子句的動詞。差別在於意思：when是「當…時」，whenever是「只要是…時候」
2
改為where，關係副詞，引導形容詞子句修飾先行詞campus
3
「你並非真正有條件可以挑挑揀揀」，加上really是加強語氣
老師您好
回覆刪除The top half of the door to his office was of frosted glass.
1 was of frosted glass.為什麼需要有of ?
The lonely sentinel walks his post
2 walks his post是在他的戒備範圍裡面走動嗎?
We struck up a conversation, in the course of which it emerged that he was a sailing man.
3 which的先行詞是We struck up a conversation?
If something precipitates an event or situation, usually a bad one, it causes it to happen suddenly or sooner than normal.
4 normal=it is normal to cause it to happen?
5 The wallpaper was peeling away close to the ceiling.=The wallpaper close to the ceiling was peeling away ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除相當於made of
2
是。post是「崗位」，可以指一個地區，所以walk his post就是「巡邏」
3
先行詞是a conversation
4
sooner than (it is) normal (for it to happen)
5
是
作者已經移除這則留言。
刪除作者已經移除這則留言。
回覆刪除老師您好！
回覆刪除North Korea has christened what it claims is a nuclear attack submarine after years of development - a step leader Kim Jong Un described as crucial in his efforts to build a nuclear-armed navy to counter the United States and its Asian allies.
Dailymail September 8,2023
上面的句子中，what it claims is a nuclear attack submarine.
1.原來是不是it claims that something is a nuclear attack submarine.然後把that省略，something改成從屬連接詞what，再把what提到句首。
2.是不是也可以寫成：North Korea has christened something which it claims as nuclear attack submarine.
謝謝老師！
1
刪除還原為這兩句：
North Korea has christened "something".
It claims that "the thing" is a nuclear attack submarine
合併為包含關係子句的複句：
North Korea has christened "something" that it claims is a nuclear attack submarine.
再將先行詞something併入關係代名詞that之中成為複合關係代名詞what，即是。
2
搭配claim的應該是to be，不是as
老師您好
回覆刪除The ruins of SHAHR-I-GHOLGHOLA--variously known as the City of Silence, the City of Noise or the Cursed City--tower above the Bamiyan plains of central Afghanistan, a single watchtower left of what, until its destruction in 1222, was a flourishing city on the Silk Route between Europe and China
1 把a single watchtower left of what, until its destruction in 1222, was a flourishing city on the Silk Route between Europe and China這個句子簡化，意思是a single watchtower of what was a flourishing city ?
2 a single watchtower of what was a flourishing city 跟a single watchtower of a flourishing city 在意思上有何差別?
謝謝老師
還原為it is a single watchtower that was left of (what was) a flourishing city...。
刪除加上that was意思是「從前是座繁榮城市」，沒有what was就少掉了「從前是」
老師您好，請問：
回覆刪除1. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always [being combined ] with other elements, most commonly with oxygen. 要如何判斷是being combined的？以及這句話該如何翻譯呢？
2. [when i was caught] in a downpour this morning, everything from my hair clips to my shoestrings got soaking wet. 為何是用when i was caught? 為何不能簡化為caught?(省略when i was)
3. The “Bows of God’s wrath is bent, and the Arrow made ready on the string,” [waits] to pierce the sinners’ hearts at any moment . 這句話是什麼意思？以及為何waits 是錯誤的呢？
4. [Holding ] the philosophy that medicine is a human experience, Dr. Mars placed the course “Medicine in Society” in the core curriculum of the medical school. 為何是hold?原句應該還原為什麽呢？
謝謝老師～
1
刪除「自然界中找不到游離的鋁，因為它總是和別的元素結合，尤其是和氧結合。」owing to...後面部分可還原為副詞子句because it is always combined with other elements。副詞子句改寫為介系詞片語，做法如下：連接詞because改寫為介系詞because of，後面需要名詞當受詞，於是把is改為動名詞being，成為being combined...，然後原來的主詞it用所有格its來交代，成為owing to its always being combined...。
2
副詞子句減化為分詞構句，必須主詞和主要子句相同才可以減化。原句兩個主詞，一個是I，一個是everything，主詞不同，不能減化。
3
「代表神之怒火的那張弓已經拉開、箭也已經上弦，就等著隨時射穿罪人的心臟。」在on the string前面是主要子句，已經有了動詞，後面不能再來一個動詞waits，改為waiting是分詞構句。
4
還原為Because he held the philosophy that...，減化為分詞構句holding the philosophy that...。
老師您好
回覆刪除The ruins of SHAHR-I-GHOLGHOLA--variously known as the City of Silence, the City of Noise or the Cursed City--tower above the Bamiyan plains of central Afghanistan, a single watchtower left of what, until its destruction in 1222, was a flourishing city on the Silk Route between Europe and China
1 老師您的答覆:還原為it is a single watchtower that was left of (what was) a flourishing city...。加上that was意思是「從前是座繁榮城市」，沒有what was就少掉了「從前是」。 加上that was是不是要改成加上what was?
2 The ruins 與a single watchtower是同位格關係?
3 a single watchtower of what was a flourishing city =a single watchtower of what was once a flourishing city? what was once會不會太wordy?
4 a single watchtower of what was a flourishing city =a single watchtower of once a flourishing city?
5 what was 可以再還原嗎
謝謝老師
1
刪除是
2
是
3
意思相同，once有點多餘
4
可以
5
what was還原為something that was
老師您好
回覆刪除The 13 men might have been nabbed before they could set off any bombs--but they have thrown a big scare into their small, island nation.
1 這是一篇文章中的末段文字，13個人已被執法單位捉到，但 might have been nabbed用的是猜測語氣，已經確定的事為何要用猜測語氣?
Robert Rubin, a top executive at Citigroup, which has more than $800 million in exposure to Enron, he called a Treasury official to ask about bolstering Enron's credit rating.
2 has more than $800 million in exposure to Enron意思是Citigroup借了錢給Enron ?
The incident further tars the name of venerable Arthur Anderson, which in June settled allegations of fraud stemming from its audit of Houston-based Waste Management and paid a $7 million fine without admitting any wrongdoing. Last year, again without admitting wrongdoing, Anderson agreed to pay $110 million to settle a class action brought on behalf of shareholders of another client, Sunbeam, which had misstated its financial results during the 1990s. These days, an Anderson competitor observes sardonically, settling a fraud case appears to be good for attracting business from other firms that want a soft touch for an auditor.
3 settling a fraud case appears...是在說: 查帳公司如果想要接一些簡單的case，那麼他們的生意就會被Anderson(也是查帳公司)搶走?
謝謝老師
1
刪除might在此不是猜測語氣，而是表示讓步：「或許他們是在事先就被抓了」
2
是
3
有些公司想找一些比較不嚴格的會計公司幫他們查帳。如果哪家會計公司有過「弊案和解」的記錄，就會有「查帳不嚴格」的風聲，那麼想要蒙混過關的公司就有意願請這種會計公司為他們查帳
老師你好:
回覆刪除I would rather you went now. (我寧願你現在去) 此句為與現在事實相反的假設語句，但在解釋上，如何說明would (語氣助動詞) rather(副詞) 後面無原形動詞的現象。某網站說: would rather是動詞，you went now是名詞子句做would rather的受詞，但would rather不是動詞啊! 麻煩老師了
中間有省略，可以還原為：
刪除I would rather have it that you went now.
老師您好
回覆刪除Environmental protesters have made common cause with local people to stop the motorway being built.
1 the motorway being built.可還原為:that the motorway was being built.(停止that the motorway was being built這一件事的發生) ?
The incident further tars the name of venerable Arthur Anderson, which in June settled allegations of fraud stemming from its audit of Houston-based Waste Management and paid a $7 million fine without admitting any wrongdoing. Last year, again without admitting wrongdoing, Anderson agreed to pay $110 million to settle a class action brought on behalf of shareholders of another client, Sunbeam, which had misstated its financial results during the 1990s. These days, an Anderson competitor observes sardonically, settling a fraud case appears to be good for attracting business from other firms that want a soft touch for an auditor.
2 other firms是指"被"查帳的公司?
3 a soft touch for an auditor.是審查員對被查帳的公司不嚴格?
The 13 men might have been nabbed before they could set off any bombs--but they have thrown a big scare into their small, island nation.
4 might 不是猜測語氣，而是表示讓步：「或許他們是在事先就被抓了」 。那我的問題是: 讓步的意思是 ?
5「或許他們是在事先就被抓了」的"或許"我覺得有"猜測的意味"，再麻請老師解答?
謝謝老師
1
刪除還原為to stop that the motorway was built
2
是
3
是
4, 5
they might have been nabbed語氣是「承認他們是在事先就被抓了」，暗示「原本也大有可能沒被抓而釀成大禍」
老師您好
回覆刪除The crew is gone but Zhang Yimou is still awake, working alone in his editing-room-cum-dormitory, poring over the day's rushes. For sure he's tired, but the creative fire is still burning bright. Did someone say pressured? You would hardly sense it, to see the way his movie works.
1 Did someone say pressured?的pressured是否有省略什麼字?( pressured是當形容詞嗎?Did someone say pressured?的意思是?)
2 You would hardly sense it, to see the way his movie works.的it 是Did someone say pressured?嗎
3 to see the way his movie works=if you see the way his movie works?
謝謝老師
1
刪除Did someone say (he was) pressured?
2, 3
You would hardly sense that he was pressured, if you should see the way his movie works.
老師您好
回覆刪除Vance's recipe for arbitration is "Master the facts of the situation; listen exhaustively to both sides; and don't give up." It doesn't exactly sing, but it work
1 It doesn't exactly sing的意思是?
Further awareness is needed, especially among the developed countries, of the need to assist the countries most affected by child trafficking...
2 of the need=Further awareness of the need?
The air of the High Arctic is so clear that objects miles distant appear no farther away than a short walk. Thus it seemed as if the small herd of oxen grazing toward our tent might reach us in moments.
3 might reach us是現在非事實，為何it seemed的seemed不用seems?
Other suggest the marriage pendulum has swung from the hollowly pragmatic to an unhealthy romantic ideal.
4 hollowly pragmatic的意思是?
Previous generations of women made their barter as much around the need for male protection and financial help as affection.
5 原句的意思是?
Women who have chosen the single life sometimes have their own qualms. Singlehood does not yield itself to a simple, blithe embrace.
6 blithe embrace的意思是?
謝謝老師
1
刪除「不能說有多漂亮」
2
是
3
seemed是過去事實語氣，might reach是同樣時間的猜測語氣
4
務實，但很空洞（沒意義）
5
「從前的婦女，換取的不只是感情，還有就是需要男性照顧、以及財務上的幫助。」看起來是用「以身相許」來換取
6
婚姻生活中可以單純的、無憂無慮的互相擁抱，單身生活就沒辦法了
請問老師
回覆刪除the girls' dormitory
這個名詞片語為何可以有兩個中位限定詞？
分成兩個部分：所有者the girls是個名詞片語，其中the是girls的限定詞。然後the girls'構成一個所有格，成為dormitory的限定詞。
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除Whatever taboo made grief a private matter is for now a casualty of war. Has there ever been so intimate a reckoning as this--and not just on our side? Osama bin Laden was devoted to his mama and liked to drive tractors and watch nature videos.
1 Whatever taboo....=any taboo that made grief a private matter ?
2 reckoning=the time when your actions are judged as good or bad and you are rewarded or punished
謝謝老師
老师， the Netherlands为什么要加the，是因为名词主体是lands吗？为什么Nether和lands之间没有空格？
回覆刪除字面上the Netherlands是the low lands或the low countries的意思。因為lands是普通名詞，所以要加冠詞。寫在一起成為複合字，當成國名。
刪除請問老師
回覆刪除Capital investment can only help a factory by so much …
句子有沒有 by 的意思有何不同？謝謝。
意思一樣。其實要用介系詞的話用for更好。
刪除請問老師
回覆刪除Many Americans remember Eisenhower as a valiant soldier more than anything else.
這句話應該是在比較身分，是不是要寫成 more as a ... than as anything else才清楚？
謝謝。
你的寫法是很清楚，但是原文也算清楚（符合一般人講話的習慣）。
刪除老師您好
回覆刪除Moulin Rouge may not have been the best directed film of the year, but it was certainly the most directed.
1 it was certainly the most directed.的意思是
Every ambitious picturemaker should be allowed one wild misfire at no lasting cost to his reputation
2 misfire at no lasting cost to his reputation意思是:對名聲造成持久的影響 ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除是指導演用力最多
2
犯一次錯，但對名聲並不造成持久的影響
老師您好
回覆刪除Never ask anyone about their past. Especially not a lady
1 Especially not a lady=Especially not ask a lady about her past?
This lawlessness combined with the wealth pouring into this bustling port encouraged young men and women with flexible scruples to dream and scheme--sometimes to their own graves.
2dream and scheme是動詞，而graves是名詞，這樣的寫法會不會有問題(還是encourage to V encourage to some place 是被允語的) ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除是
2
有省略，可還原為sometimes to dream and scheme to their own graves
請教老師
回覆刪除Airport security takes priority over all others.
other 後面省略了複數名詞，但往前看，名詞只有不可數的 security ，請問此處的 others 該怎麼解釋？謝謝。
或者是all other securities、或者是all other things
刪除請教老師
回覆刪除It keeps resource allocation at an optimum level.
optim的意思是best，為何限定詞用的不是定冠詞呢？感謝。
字根optim意思是best，但單字optimum意思相當於ideal，就是「極佳的、理想的」，並非真正的最高級。
刪除Blue whales are huge vertebrates, larger even than the greatest of the dinosaurs.
回覆刪除請問老師
1. even 修飾比較級不是要放在前面嗎？
2. 此句的dinosaur指的應該是全體，為何前面有定冠詞呢？
謝謝
1
刪除even放在這裏就是修飾than：「甚至比…」
2
上下文是the greatest of the dinosaurs，最高級要指定出一個範圍
老師好。
回覆刪除1.
多年前老師的英文寫作課講義裡有這句：
Except for a concert performance being staged by the composer himself last year ...
老師說 being 是贅字。那底下這句的 being 是不是也同樣多餘：While the probability of the specific conditions on Erath being widely replicated is low ...
2. 句首不得用 Except ，只能用 Except for 有原因嗎？
感恩老師。
1
刪除except for a concert performance裏面，例外是a concert performance「一場表演」，那是個名詞片語，後面直接用staged by...這個分詞片語來修飾。但是the probability of the specific conditions on Earth being widely replicated裏啊，可能性是「地球上的詳細情況有很多的複本」，那是一件事情，要用一個句子來敘述：That the specific conditions on Earth are widely replicated，減化為the specific conditions on Earth being widely replicated之後放在the probability of後面當受詞。需要being才能看出它是一個句子、一項敘述，而不是一個名詞片語、一個東西。
2
例如everybody except John，那是由everybody構成一個集合，裏面扣除掉一個成員John，所以介系詞片語except John必須放在everybody後面。既然必須放在後面，那麼except就不能放在句首。但是except for使用的情況不同。例如：Except for a flat tire, the trip was perfect.，句中the trip並非一個集合，a flat tire也不是其中一個成員。
老師您好
回覆刪除Something inherent in cheating makes handicapping the favorites in most events difficult if not impossible.
1 if not impossible.表示 handicapping the favorites還是有可能的?
The crew is gone but Zhang Yimou is still awake, working alone in his editing-room-cum-dormitory, poring over the day's rushes. For sure he's tired, but the creative fire is still burning bright. Did someone say pressured? You would hardly sense it, to see the way his movie works.
2 You would hardly sense it, to see the way his movie works.=You would hardly sense that he was pressured, if you should see the way his movie works.
3 would hardly及should see是未來非事實
...that they faced dismissal if they didn't perform effectively, a shocking declaration in a system that once assured every college graduate a government desk and a paycheck, work or no work
4 work or no work=whether there was work or no work ?
謝謝老師
1
刪除是。但強烈暗示「可能性不大」。
2
正確（was改為is）
3
是
4
是
老師您好
回覆刪除The TSA has not yet bought the 2,000 large detection devices it aims to have operating within nine months to inspect checked baggage for explosive
1 it aims to have...= it aims to have the 2,000 large detection devices operating ?
2 operating 如果改成operate，在語意上有何差別?
3 operating 改成operated(被動)會不會比較合理?
When toting up personal possessions signifying ascendance in Hong Kong society, along with the Mercedes-Benz and the house on the Peak goes a Jockey Club membership card.
4 goes的意思是 ?
5在這個句子的主要主詞跟動詞在哪?
謝謝老師
1
刪除正確
2
用operating較好：這種機器一旦啟用就是持續工作，要用進行式
3
在此operating等同於working或functioning，要用主動（have是使役動詞）
4, 5
片語go with「搭配、一起」。這是倒裝句，還原為：A Jockey Club membership card(S) goes(V) along with the Mercedes-Benz and the house on the Peak(C).
老師好
回覆刪除Diplomatic couriers serve more symbolic functions than carrying messages.要寫成平行對稱的兩個句子，是底下這兩句嗎？
Diplomatic couriers serve functions.
Diplomatic couriers serve the function of carrying messages.
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